Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disoerders (T.A.R.G.I.D.), Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium.
Internal Medicine Unit, "Madonna del Soccorso" General Hospital, Via Luciano Manara 7, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 4;16(1):176. doi: 10.3390/nu16010176.
Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) have a complex pathophysiology that is often characterized by a relationship between food ingestion and triggering of symptoms. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the role of nutrients as a therapeutic target are rapidly evolving.
We performed a narrative review of the literature using the following keywords, their acronyms, and their associations: nutrients, disorders of gut-brain interaction; functional dyspepsia; malabsorption; irritable bowel syndrome; diarrhea; constipation.
Functional dyspepsia displayed a significant correlation between volume, fat and/or wheat abundance, chemical composition of ingested food and symptoms of early satiety, fullness and weight loss. Carbohydrate malabsorption is related to enzyme deficiency throughout the GI tract. Food composition and richness in soluble vs. non-soluble fibers is related to constipation and diarrhea. The elimination of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) has a significant and non-unidirectional impact on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms.
Food volume, nutritive and chemical composition, and its malabsorption are associated with symptom generation in DGBIs. Further multicenter, randomized-controlled clinical trials are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiology.
肠脑互动障碍（DGBI）的发病机制复杂，其特征通常是进食与症状触发之间存在关联。人们对其潜在机制以及营养物作为治疗靶点的作用的理解正在迅速发展。
我们使用以下关键词、它们的缩写及其关联进行了文献的叙述性综述：营养物、肠脑互动障碍；功能性消化不良；吸收不良；肠易激综合征；腹泻；便秘。
功能性消化不良与进食量、脂肪和/或小麦含量、摄入食物的化学成分以及早饱、饱胀和体重减轻等症状之间存在显著相关性。整个胃肠道的酶缺乏与碳水化合物吸收不良有关。食物组成以及可溶性与不可溶性纤维的丰富度与便秘和腹泻有关。可发酵寡糖、二糖、单糖和多元醇（FODMAPs）的消除对肠易激综合征（IBS）症状具有显著且非单向的影响。
食物量、营养和化学成分及其吸收不良与 DGBI 中的症状产生有关。需要进一步开展多中心、随机对照临床试验以阐明潜在的病理生理学。
