Salim Elsayed I, Abdel-Halim Khaled Y, El-Mahalawy Mostafa E, Badr Haitham A, Ahmed Hafiz
Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Dec 21;14(1):29. doi: 10.3390/nano14010029.
The widespread biomedical and commercial applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have increased their potential for human and environmental exposure and toxicity to human health. The bio-distribution and toxicity of AgNPs in rodents following inhalation, intratracheal instillation, and oral ingestion are well documented; however, little is known about the bio-distribution of intravenously (IV)-administered AgNPs and their organ-specific pathophysiological effects. Here, we investigate the pharmacokinetic pattern and tissue distribution of AgNPs in male rats following IV administration. The animals were humanely sacrificed after 10 min, 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 168 h of AgNP administration, and the silver (Ag) content was measured from blood samples and various tissues following acid digestion. The AgNPs were readily absorbed and subsequently distributed into most organs predominantly in the colon, small intestine, kidney, and heart after 6 h; however, they were the highest in the spinal cord after 168 h. White blood cells (WBCs) were significantly increased (42-60%) in AgNP-administered animals at all time points except 10 min. Regarding platelets, all AgNP-administered animals showed counts 7.8-39.2% lower, with the lowest count at 168 h post-administration. In the case of lymphocytes (LYMs), the AgNP-treated animals exhibited a count 19.5-41% lower at 10 min and 1 h post-administration; however, the animals at 168 h post-administration showed a count 30.5% more. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) counts from the AgNP-treated animals were decreased by 50-62%. The concentrations of aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, and creatinine were increased in the AgNP-treated animals. Taken together, the results suggest that the acute IV administration of AgNPs alters metabolic and hematological parameters in animals and may pose a health risk to humans.
银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）在生物医学和商业领域的广泛应用增加了其对人类的潜在暴露风险以及对人类健康的毒性。AgNPs经吸入、气管内滴注和口服摄入后在啮齿动物体内的生物分布和毒性已有充分记录；然而，关于静脉注射（IV）AgNPs后的生物分布及其器官特异性病理生理效应却知之甚少。在此，我们研究了IV给药后雄性大鼠体内AgNPs的药代动力学模式和组织分布。在给予AgNP后的10分钟、1小时、6小时、12小时、24小时和168小时对动物实施安乐死，酸消解后从血液样本和各种组织中测量银（Ag）含量。AgNPs易于吸收，6小时后主要分布到大多数器官，在结肠、小肠、肾脏和心脏中含量较高；然而，168小时后在脊髓中的含量最高。除10分钟外，在所有时间点接受AgNP处理的动物白细胞（WBCs）均显著增加（42 - 60%）。关于血小板，所有接受AgNP处理的动物血小板计数均降低7.8 - 39.2%，给药后168小时计数最低。对于淋巴细胞（LYMs），接受AgNP处理动物在给药后10分钟和1小时淋巴细胞计数降低19.5 - 41%；然而，给药后168小时的动物淋巴细胞计数增加30.5%。接受AgNP处理动物的平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）计数降低了50 - 62%。接受AgNP处理动物的天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、尿素和肌酐浓度升高。综上所述，结果表明急性IV给予AgNPs会改变动物的代谢和血液学参数，可能对人类健康构成风险。
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