Institute for Risk Analysis and Risk Communication, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Korea Conformity Laboratories, Incheon, Korea.
Arch Toxicol. 2018 Apr;92(4):1393-1405. doi: 10.1007/s00204-018-2173-4. Epub 2018 Feb 15.
Gold (AuNPs, 12.8 nm) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 10 nm), mixed or separate, were injected into the caudal vein of male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. The rats were allowed to recover for further 4 weeks to examine the differences in AuNP/AgNP tissue distribution and clearance. The size distribution of injected AuNPs and AgNPs were not statistically different. The dose groups (five males per group for the administration and three males for the recovery) consisted of seven divisions, i.e., control, AgNPs (with a low dose of 10 µg/kg/day, and, a high dose of 100 µg/kg/day), AuNPs (with a low dose of 10 µg/kg/day, and, a high dose of 100 µg/kg/day), as well as mixed AgNPs/AuNPs (with a low dose of 10/10 µg/kg/day, and a high dose of 100/100 µg/kg/day). The AgNPs accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in the liver, spleen, kidneys, lung, brain, testis or blood. Au concentration increased also in a dose-dependent manner in the liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs, but not in the brain, testis and blood. Ag concentration in the tissues increased dose-dependently after 4 weeks of AgNP/AuNP mixed administration, but to a much lower extent than those observed when they were administered separately. Ag concentration in the tissues after 4 weeks of AgNP/AuNP mixed administration cleared dose-dependently after 4 weeks of recovery. Au concentration in the tissues increased dose-dependently after 4 weeks of AgNp/AuNP mixed administration, while Au concentration in the tissues did not clear as seen in Ag after 4 weeks recovery. Au concentration showed biopersistency or accumulation in the liver, kidneys, spleen and brain of the 4 weeks of recovery. In conclusion, AgNPs and AuNPs showed different toxicokinetic properties and the mixed administration of AgNPs with AuNPs resulted in mutual reduction of their tissue distribution which appeared to be due to competitive inhibition. Furthermore, this subacute intravenous injection study has suggested that these nanoparticles were distributed to the organs in particulate instead of ionic forms.
金纳米粒子（AuNPs，12.8nm）和银纳米粒子（AgNPs，10nm），混合或单独，通过尾静脉注射入雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠体内 4 周。大鼠恢复 4 周后，检测 AuNP/AgNP 组织分布和清除的差异。注入的 AuNPs 和 AgNPs 的大小分布无统计学差异。剂量组（每组 5 只雄性用于给药，3 只雄性用于恢复）分为七个部分，即对照组、AgNPs（低剂量 10μg/kg/天和高剂量 100μg/kg/天）、AuNPs（低剂量 10μg/kg/天和高剂量 100μg/kg/天）以及混合的 AgNPs/AuNPs（低剂量 10/10μg/kg/天和高剂量 100/100μg/kg/天）。AgNPs 以剂量依赖性方式在肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺、脑、睾丸或血液中蓄积。Au 浓度也以剂量依赖性方式在肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和肺部增加，但在大脑、睾丸和血液中没有增加。AgNP/AuNP 混合给药 4 周后，Ag 浓度以剂量依赖性方式增加，但程度远低于单独给药时。AgNP/AuNP 混合给药 4 周后，Ag 浓度在组织中以剂量依赖性方式清除，恢复 4 周后。AgNP/AuNP 混合给药 4 周后，Au 浓度在组织中以剂量依赖性方式增加，而恢复 4 周后，Au 浓度在组织中并未像 Ag 那样清除。Au 浓度在恢复 4 周后在肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和大脑中表现出生物持久性或蓄积。总之，AgNPs 和 AuNPs 表现出不同的毒代动力学特性，AgNPs 与 AuNPs 混合给药导致其组织分布相互减少，这似乎是由于竞争性抑制所致。此外，这项亚急性静脉注射研究表明，这些纳米颗粒以颗粒形式而不是离子形式分布到器官中。
