Association for Research on Integrative Oncology Therapies (ARTOI) Foundation, Via Ludovico Micara 73, 00165 Rome, Italy.
Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Dec 23;25(1):251. doi: 10.3390/ijms25010251.
Apigenin is one of the most widespread flavonoids in the plant kingdom. For centuries, apigenin-containing plant preparations have been used in traditional medicines to treat diseases that have an inflammatory and/or degenerative component. In the 1980s, apigenin was proposed to interfere with the process of carcinogenesis. Since then, more and more evidence has demonstrated its anticancer efficacy, both in vitro and in vivo. Apigenin has been shown to target signaling pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, and to modulate different hallmarks of cancer, such as cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, invasion, and cell migration. Furthermore, apigenin modulates PD1/PD-L1 expression in cancer/T killer cells and regulates the percentage of T killer and T regulatory cells. Recently, apigenin has been studied for its synergic and additive effects when combined with chemotherapy, minimizing the side effects. Unfortunately, its low bioavailability and high permeability limit its therapeutic applications. Based on micro- and nanoformulations that enhance the physical stability and drug-loading capacity of apigenin and increase the bioavailability of apigenin, novel drug-delivery systems have been investigated to improve its solubility.
芹菜素是植物界分布最广泛的类黄酮之一。几个世纪以来,含有芹菜素的植物制剂一直被用于传统药物中,以治疗具有炎症和/或退行性成分的疾病。20 世纪 80 年代,有人提出芹菜素可以干扰致癌过程。从那时起,越来越多的证据表明它具有抗癌功效,无论是在体外还是体内。芹菜素已被证明可以靶向参与癌症发生和发展的信号通路,如 PI3K/Akt/mTOR、MAPK/ERK、JAK/STAT、NF-κB 和 Wnt/β-catenin 通路,并调节癌症的不同特征,如细胞增殖、转移、凋亡、侵袭和细胞迁移。此外,芹菜素还可以调节癌症/T 杀伤细胞中的 PD1/PD-L1 表达,并调节 T 杀伤细胞和 T 调节细胞的百分比。最近,人们研究了芹菜素与化疗联合使用时的协同和相加作用,以最大程度地减少副作用。不幸的是,其低生物利用度和高通透性限制了其治疗应用。基于可以提高芹菜素的物理稳定性和载药量并增加其生物利用度的微纳米制剂,人们研究了新型给药系统以提高其溶解度。
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