This study compares the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of five pulp capping liners. This study was conducted on Fuji II LC glass ionomer, Dycal, Calcimol LC, TheraCal LC, and ACTIVA BioACTIVE. For cytotoxicity, the (MTT) methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was performed on 3 samples from each group of human dental pulp cells (HDPSCs) after 24 h of incubation. The direct contact test (DCT) for antibacterial activity, 6 samples (3 for each material, and 3 for negative control), from each liner were made to evaluate (), (), and (). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (alpha = 0.05). Data analysis showed that the cytotoxicity of the materials was significantly different ( < 0.001). Fuji II LC and ACTIVA BioACTIVE showed strong cytotoxicity, TheraCal LC moderate cytotoxicity, and Dycal and Calcimol LC slight cytotoxicity. The analysis also revealed a significant difference among the materials regarding antibacterial activity ( < 0.001). Tukey's test showed that the mean percentage of reduction in colony count was significant for all liners compared with the positive control ( < 0.001). The mean percentage of reduction in colony count for Dycal was significantly greater than that of Fuji II LC ( = 0.014), Calcimol LC ( = 0.003), and TheraCal LC ( = 0.001). ACTIVA BioACTIVE did not significantly differ from the other materials as regards antibacterial activity. Dycal showed significantly higher antibacterial activity than the other materials.