Sun Yan, Chen Jinjin
School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2024 Jan 6;17:63-77. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S444403. eCollection 2024.
Depressive tendency refers to the early stage of the onset of depression disorder, which can also have a negative impact on individuals' quality of life. However, there are many numerous depression-related scales that are primarily used to evaluate depression disorders with relatively severe symptom severity. And considering the characteristics of the Chinese cultural background, relatively few corresponding scales are currently developed. This study aimed to develop and validate a depressive tendency questionnaire for Chinese middle school students, based on the psychological structure of depressive tendency in the context of Chinese culture.
The initial version of the questionnaire was developed through literature reviews, open surveys, and in-depth interviews. The questionnaire was revised based on the predictions made from 865 middle school students (=15.84, =1.50). Finally, the formal questionnaire was developed through valid administration to 1205 students (=15.63, =1.82), using confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and validity testing, as well as measurement invariance analysis.
The questionnaire consisted of 30 items, including negative self, cognitive function, personal reserve, and social support. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire fitted the data with well construct validity. Measurement invariance indicates no gender and grade differences in the questionnaire scores. The questionnaire demonstrates good reliability and validity, meeting the requirements of psychometrics.
From a theoretical point of view, we clarified the psychological structure of depressive tendencies among Chinese middle school students, providing a theoretical and empirical basis for subsequent related research. From a practical point of view, the formal questionnaire plays a positive role in the smooth development of mental health counseling, education, and other work in middle schools.
抑郁倾向指的是抑郁症发作的早期阶段，它也会对个体的生活质量产生负面影响。然而，有许多与抑郁相关的量表主要用于评估症状较为严重的抑郁症。考虑到中国文化背景的特点，目前开发的相应量表相对较少。本研究旨在基于中国文化背景下抑郁倾向的心理结构，开发并验证一份针对中国中学生的抑郁倾向问卷。
通过文献综述、开放式调查和深入访谈编制问卷初稿。根据对865名中学生（=15.84，=1.50）的预测结果对问卷进行修订。最后，通过对1205名学生（=15.63，=1.82）进行有效施测，采用验证性因素分析、信效度检验以及测量不变性分析，编制出正式问卷。
该问卷由30个项目组成，包括消极自我、认知功能、个人储备和社会支持。验证性因素分析结果表明，该问卷与数据拟合良好，具有良好的结构效度。测量不变性表明问卷得分不存在性别和年级差异。该问卷具有良好的信效度，符合心理测量学要求。
从理论角度来看，我们厘清了中国中学生抑郁倾向的心理结构，为后续相关研究提供了理论和实证依据。从实践角度来看，正式问卷对中学心理健康咨询、教育等工作的顺利开展具有积极作用。
