School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Sep 30;11(1):300. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01318-9.
Due to the limitations of the existing measurements of experiential avoidance, we would like to check the validity of the improved version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), i.e., Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-3 (AAQ-3), in Chinese content. The present study was aim to examine the construct and validity of the Chinese version of AAQ-3 in college students and provide an initial validation of this instrument to promote future cross-cultural examination of the psychological flexibility. Totally 1,572 college students were invited to complete the Chinese AAQ-3 and the related questionnaires at the same time. After one month, 380 participates were assessed with same questionnaires to examine the test-retest reliability. The results indicated a similar one-factor solution in the Chinese AAQ-3 to the original version by exploratory factor analysis, parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good. According to the testing of the measurement invariance, the one-factor model was acceptable across gender (Man = 875, Girl = 697). Additionally, Chinese AAQ-3 was significantly negatively correlated with positive mental health (life satisfaction, mindful attention awareness), significantly positively correlated with negative emotions (depression, anxiety, stress), and significantly positively correlated with AAQ-II and Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ). Besides, Chinese AAQ-3 was the strongest predictor of depression, anxiety, stress and life satisfaction compared to the AAQ-II and BEAQ. However, according to the exploratory structural equation model, the Chinese AAQ-3 demonstrated excellent discriminate validity from negative emotions. Overall, the AAQ-3 modified the limitations of the existing measurements of experiential avoidance (i.e., AAQ-II and BEAQ) as it showed better convergent validity with positive mental health indicators, better discriminant validity with negative emotions, and higher incremental validity. Therefore, the Chinese AAQ-3 is a valid measurement tool for assessing the level of experiential avoidance or psychological flexibility in Chinese college students.
由于现有经验回避测量的局限性，我们希望检查改进后的接受与行动问卷-II（AAQ-II），即接受与行动问卷-3（AAQ-3）的中文版的有效性。本研究旨在检验中文版 AAQ-3 在大学生中的建构和有效性，并为该工具的进一步跨文化检验提供初步验证，以促进心理灵活性的跨文化研究。共有 1572 名大学生同时被邀请完成中文版 AAQ-3 及相关问卷。一个月后，380 名参与者用相同的问卷进行评估，以检验重测信度。结果表明，探索性因素分析、平行分析和验证性因素分析均显示中文版 AAQ-3 具有与原始版本相似的单因素结构。内部一致性和重测信度良好。根据测量不变性检验，跨性别（男性=875，女性=697）的单因素模型是可以接受的。此外，中文版 AAQ-3 与积极心理健康（生活满意度、正念注意意识）呈显著负相关，与消极情绪（抑郁、焦虑、压力）呈显著正相关，与 AAQ-II 和简要经验回避问卷（BEAQ）呈显著正相关。此外，与 AAQ-II 和 BEAQ 相比，中文版 AAQ-3 是抑郁、焦虑、压力和生活满意度的最强预测因子。然而，根据探索性结构方程模型，中文版 AAQ-3 与消极情绪具有良好的区分效度。总的来说，AAQ-3 改进了现有经验回避测量的局限性（即 AAQ-II 和 BEAQ），因为它与积极心理健康指标具有更好的聚合效度，与消极情绪具有更好的区分效度，以及更高的增量效度。因此，中文版 AAQ-3 是评估中国大学生经验回避或心理灵活性水平的有效测量工具。
