Circadian control of sleep-related neuronal activity in lizards.

Although diurnal animals displaying monophasic sleep patterns exhibit periodic cycles of alternating slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS), the regulatory mechanisms underlying these regular sleep cycles remain unclear. Here, we report that in the Australian dragon exposed to constant darkness (DD), sleep behavior and sleep-related neuronal activity emerged over a 24-h cycle. However, the regularity of the REMS/SWS alternation was disrupted under these conditions. Notably, when the lizards were then exposed to 12 h of light after DD, the regularity of the sleep stages was restored. These results suggest that sleep-related neuronal activity in lizards is regulated by circadian rhythms and that the regularity of REMS and SWS cycling is influenced by daytime light exposure.