N Engl J Med. 1987 Mar 12;316(11):650-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198703123161102.
Although several studies have reported that the use of oral contraceptives decreases the risk of ovarian cancer, it is not clear whether the effect varies according to the oral-contraceptive formulation or the histologic type of cancer. To characterize this association more fully, we used data from a case-control study, the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. From 1980 to 1982, 546 women 20 to 54 years of age with ovarian cancer were enrolled from eight population-based cancer registries. The controls were 4228 women selected from the same areas. Women who had used oral contraceptives had a risk of epithelial ovarian cancer of 0.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.5 to 0.7) as compared with those who had never used them. This protective effect was seen in women who had used oral contraceptives for as little as three to six months, and it continued for 15 years after use ended; it was independent of the specific oral-contraceptive formulation and of the histologic type of epithelial ovarian cancer. (We could not adequately assess the association with nonepithelial ovarian cancers because of an insufficient number of cases.) We conclude that the use of oral contraceptives decreases the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
尽管多项研究报告称，使用口服避孕药可降低卵巢癌风险，但尚不清楚这种效果是否因口服避孕药配方或癌症组织学类型而异。为了更全面地描述这种关联，我们使用了一项病例对照研究——癌症与类固醇激素研究的数据。1980年至1982年期间，从八个基于人群的癌症登记处招募了546名年龄在20至54岁之间的卵巢癌女性。对照组是从同一地区选取的4228名女性。与从未使用过口服避孕药的女性相比，使用过口服避孕药的女性患上皮性卵巢癌的风险为0.6（95%置信区间，0.5至0.7）。这种保护作用在使用口服避孕药仅三至六个月的女性中即可看到，并且在停药后持续15年；它与特定的口服避孕药配方以及上皮性卵巢癌的组织学类型无关。（由于病例数量不足，我们无法充分评估与非上皮性卵巢癌的关联。）我们得出结论，使用口服避孕药可降低上皮性卵巢癌的风险。
