JAMA. 1983 Mar 25;249(12):1596-9.
Since oral contraceptives have been used by more than 40 million American women, an association between oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer could have a substantial public health impact. The Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, is studying this relationship as part of a multicenter, case-control study--the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. During the first ten months of the study, we enrolled 179 women aged 20 to 54 years who had been ascertained to have newly diagnosed ovarian cancer by eight population-based cancer registries. From the general population of those eight areas, we selected as controls 1,642 women with intact ovaries. Users of oral contraceptives had an age-adjusted risk of ovarian cancer developing of 0.6 relative to those who had never used them (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9). The risk of ovarian cancer decreased with increasing duration of oral contraceptive use and remained low long after cessation of use. These results were not accounted for by parity, infertility, or other potentially confounding factors. We estimate that more than 1,700 cases of ovarian cancer are averted each year by past and current oral contraceptive use among women in the United States.
由于超过4000万美国女性使用口服避孕药，口服避孕药与卵巢癌之间的关联可能会对公众健康产生重大影响。位于亚特兰大的疾病控制中心正在进行一项多中心病例对照研究——癌症与类固醇激素研究，以探究这种关系。在研究的前十个月，我们招募了179名年龄在20至54岁之间的女性，她们经八个基于人群的癌症登记处确诊患有新发性卵巢癌。从这八个地区的普通人群中，我们挑选了1642名卵巢完好的女性作为对照。与从未使用过口服避孕药的女性相比，口服避孕药使用者患卵巢癌的年龄调整风险为0.6（95%置信区间为0.4至0.9）。卵巢癌风险随着口服避孕药使用时间的增加而降低，并且在停药后很长时间内仍保持较低水平。这些结果不能用生育次数、不孕或其他潜在的混杂因素来解释。我们估计，在美国，过去和现在使用口服避孕药每年可避免超过1700例卵巢癌病例。
