Alaeddine Chaza, Schreiber Jim, Amin Mohamed E K
Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.
School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, USA.
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2024 Jan 17;99(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s42506-023-00148-2.
According to Islam's teachings, women are religiously exempt from fasting during pregnancy if a woman is concerned about her health or that of the fetus. This study assesses the intentions of pregnant women to fast during Ramadan and evaluates the contribution of items derived from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in predicting these intentions.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Arabic on a convenience sample of 181 pregnant women in Lebanon using a mixture of in-person (46), telephone (31), and online recruitment (104) techniques from February to April 2020. An Exploratory Bayes Tree Analysis was done to examine which TPB items appeared to separate the intention to fast in the best possible way. Then, an ordinal regression was completed followed by a latent class analysis to examine specific classes of participants that could be determined based on the regression results.
Overall, 58% of participants had the intention to fast all days of Ramadan, 22% had the intention to fast some days and 20% did not intend to fast for any duration. A model was run with perceptions of physical ability, Islam guidance, husband's opinion importance, mother's opinion beliefs, and impact on general health as predictors (R = 0.74). A four-cluster model was chosen as the most parsimonious one in interpretation, where classes one and two included the groups of women who intended to fast month-long with differences in predictors. Class three represented the group of women who did not have the intention to fast and the final class represented the group of women who had the intention to fast some days of the month. The women's belief in their physical ability to fast and the opinion of the pregnant women's mothers were very important in deciding the participants' intention to fast.
Items derived from TPB constructs helped in producing a model predicting women's intention to fast during Ramadan. Educational messages and interventions related to fasting while pregnant may be delivered by individuals with legitimacy among pregnant women such as those viewed by the target population as powerful motherly figures in their communities.
根据伊斯兰教教义，如果女性担心自身或胎儿的健康，在怀孕期间可免予斋戒。本研究评估了孕妇在斋月期间斋戒的意愿，并评估了源自计划行为理论（TPB）的各项因素对预测这些意愿的作用。
2020年2月至4月，在黎巴嫩对181名孕妇的便利样本进行了一项横断面调查，采用当面访谈（46人）、电话访谈（31人）和在线招募（104人）相结合的技术，以阿拉伯语进行。进行了探索性贝叶斯树分析，以检验哪些TPB因素似乎能以最佳方式区分斋戒意愿。然后，完成了有序回归，接着进行了潜在类别分析，以检验可根据回归结果确定的特定参与者类别。
总体而言，58%的参与者打算在斋月期间每天斋戒，22%的参与者打算斋戒几天，20%的参与者不打算在任何时间段斋戒。以身体能力感知、伊斯兰教指导、丈夫意见的重要性、母亲意见信念以及对总体健康的影响作为预测因素运行了一个模型（R = 0.74）。选择了一个四类模型作为解释上最简洁的模型，其中第一类和第二类包括打算整个月斋戒但预测因素存在差异的女性群体。第三类代表不打算斋戒的女性群体，最后一类代表打算在斋月期间斋戒几天的女性群体。女性对自身斋戒身体能力的信念以及孕妇母亲的意见在决定参与者的斋戒意愿方面非常重要。
源自TPB结构的因素有助于构建一个预测女性在斋月期间斋戒意愿的模型。与孕期斋戒相关的教育信息和干预措施可由在孕妇中有公信力的人传递，例如被目标人群视为社区中强大母亲形象的人。
