Seiermann Andrea U, Al-Mufti Hudaalrahman, Waid Jillian L, Wendt Amanda S, Sobhan Shafinaz, Gabrysch Sabine
Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Matern Child Nutr. 2021 Jul;17(3):e13135. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13135. Epub 2021 Jan 31.
Little is known about fasting practices and dietary changes during Ramadan in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Although pregnant women are exempt from fasting, they may still fast. This is of interest as dietary habits during pregnancy may affect the development of the unborn child. In a community-based sample of young women in rural Sylhet division, Bangladesh, we described fasting practices and beliefs (n = 852). We also examined reported food group consumption and minimally adequate dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) by Ramadan occurrence (n = 1,895) and by fasting adherence (n = 558) using logistic regression with Hindu women as a seasonal control. During Ramadan in 2018, 78% of pregnant Muslim women fasted every day. Over 80% of Muslim women believe that they should fast during pregnancy and over 50% expect positive health effects on the mother and the unborn child. We found strong evidence that Muslim women have more diverse diets during Ramadan, with higher odds of MDD-W (OR [95% CI]: 5.0 [3.6, 6.9]) and increased consumption of pulses, dairy, fruit, and large fish. Dietary diversity increased to a lesser extent on non-fasting days during Ramadan. Ramadan appears to improve dietary quality in both fasting and non-fasting Muslim women in a rural population in Bangladesh. These results help to interpret findings from studies on Ramadan during pregnancy on later-life outcomes and thus contribute to a better understanding of intrauterine influences of maternal nutrition on healthy child development.
在低收入和中低收入国家，人们对斋月期间的禁食习俗和饮食变化知之甚少。尽管孕妇可免于禁食，但她们仍可能禁食。这一点值得关注，因为孕期饮食习惯可能会影响未出生胎儿的发育。在孟加拉国锡尔赫特分区农村的一个基于社区的年轻女性样本中，我们描述了禁食习俗和观念（n = 852）。我们还通过斋月发生情况（n = 1,895）和禁食依从性（n = 558），以印度教女性作为季节性对照，采用逻辑回归分析，研究了报告的食物组消费情况以及女性的最低膳食多样性（MDD-W）。在2018年斋月期间，78%的穆斯林孕妇每天禁食。超过80%的穆斯林女性认为她们在孕期应该禁食，超过50%的人期望这对母亲和未出生的孩子有积极的健康影响。我们发现有力证据表明，穆斯林女性在斋月期间饮食更多样化，MDD-W的几率更高（比值比[95%置信区间]：5.0 [3.6, 6.9]），豆类、乳制品、水果和大型鱼类的消费量增加。在斋月期间的非禁食日，饮食多样性增加的幅度较小。斋月似乎改善了孟加拉国农村地区禁食和非禁食穆斯林女性的饮食质量。这些结果有助于解释关于孕期斋月对后期生活结局影响的研究结果，从而有助于更好地理解母体营养对健康儿童发育的宫内影响。
