Nair Soumyalekshmi, Razo-Azamar Melissa, Jayabalan Nanthini, Dalgaard Louise Torp, Palacios-González Berenice, Sørensen Anne, Kampmann Ulla, Handberg Aase, Carrion Flavio, Salomon Carlos
Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento Saludable del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN) en el Centro de Investigación sobre Envejecimiento (CIE-CINVESTAV Sede Sur), CDMX, 14330, Mexico.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2024 Apr;76:86-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.12.004. Epub 2023 Dec 29.
Cell-to-cell communication mediated by Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) is a novel and emerging area of research, especially during pregnancy, in which placenta derived EVs can facilitate the feto-maternal communication. EVs comprise a heterogeneous group of vesicle sub-populations with diverse physical and biochemical characteristics and originate by specific biogenesis mechanisms. EVs transfer molecular cargo (including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) between cells and are critical mediators of cell communication. There is growing interest among researchers to explore into the molecular cargo of EVs and their functions in a physiological and pathological context. For example, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are shown to be released in EVs and EVs derived from immune cells play key roles in mediating the immune response as well as immunoregulatory pathways. Pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth are associated with altered levels of circulating EVs, with differential EV cargo and bioactivity in target cells. This implicates the intriguing roles of EVs in reprogramming the maternal physiology during pregnancy. Moreover, the capacity of EVs to carry bioactive molecules makes them a promising tool for biomarker development and targeted therapies in pregnancy complications. This review summarizes the physiological and pathological roles played by EVs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders and describes the potential of EVs to be translated into clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）介导的细胞间通讯是一个新兴的研究领域，尤其是在孕期，胎盘来源的细胞外囊泡可促进母胎通讯。细胞外囊泡由具有不同物理和生化特性的异质囊泡亚群组成，并通过特定的生物发生机制产生。细胞外囊泡在细胞间传递分子货物（包括蛋白质、核酸和脂质），是细胞通讯的关键介质。研究人员对探索细胞外囊泡的分子货物及其在生理和病理背景下的功能越来越感兴趣。例如，细胞因子等炎症介质已被证明会在细胞外囊泡中释放，并且来自免疫细胞的细胞外囊泡在介导免疫反应以及免疫调节途径中发挥关键作用。妊娠并发症，如妊娠期糖尿病、先兆子痫、胎儿生长受限和早产，与循环细胞外囊泡水平的改变、靶细胞中细胞外囊泡货物和生物活性的差异有关。这暗示了细胞外囊泡在孕期重塑母体生理方面的有趣作用。此外，细胞外囊泡携带生物活性分子的能力使其成为妊娠并发症生物标志物开发和靶向治疗的有前途的工具。本综述总结了细胞外囊泡在妊娠及妊娠相关疾病中所起的生理和病理作用，并描述了将细胞外囊泡转化为妊娠并发症诊断和治疗临床应用的潜力。
