Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2024 Feb;343:116576. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116576. Epub 2024 Jan 12.
Understanding the shifting nature of structural racism historically and across institutions is vital for effective action towards racial health equity. While public health research on structural racism is rapidly increasing, most studies are missing the interdependence of policies and institutional practices over time that shape power imbalances and lead to entrenched health inequities. Here, we discuss Ruth Wilson Gilmore's concept of organized abandonment - the intentional disinvestment in communities which, in turn, creates opportunities for extraction, revenue generation, and carceral enforcement to fill the cracks of a compromised social infrastructure - to encourage action-oriented public health research that is grounded in history and an understanding of racial capitalism. We present a case example using publicly-available data on redlining, gentrification and policing in Seattle, Washington. We mapped the intersections of redlining and gentrification and estimated their neighborhood-level association with police activity using Bayesian spatial Poisson regression models. We found that histories of racist housing policies like redlining and processes of gentrification are interdependent and shape contemporary neighborhood racial and economic segregation and police activity. Compared to structurally advantaged neighborhoods, police stops were higher in neighborhoods that were 1) historically disinvested (i.e. redlined) and remain low-income and structurally disadvantaged and 2) formerly industrial and business districts that were not redlined and are now gentrified. Notably, we found that policing practices were significantly more intensive in neighborhoods that were both high redlined and gentrified. Together, these findings illustrate how the place-based racialized processes of dispossession, displacement and policing are deeply intertwined to maintain racial capitalism. Our findings also highlight the importance of examining multiple racialized processes simultaneously to fill critical gaps in the existing literature that are necessary for sustainable solutions to address structural racism.
了解历史上和跨机构的结构性种族主义的变化性质对于实现种族健康公平的有效行动至关重要。尽管公共卫生领域关于结构性种族主义的研究正在迅速增加，但大多数研究都忽略了随着时间的推移政策和机构实践的相互依存关系，这些关系塑造了权力失衡，并导致根深蒂固的健康不平等。在这里，我们讨论了露丝·威尔逊·吉尔摩（Ruth Wilson Gilmore）的有组织抛弃（organized abandonment）概念——故意放弃社区，从而为提取、创造收入和实施监禁创造机会，以填补受损社会基础设施的漏洞——以鼓励以行动为导向的公共卫生研究，该研究基于历史和对种族资本主义的理解。我们使用华盛顿西雅图市的红线划定、 gentrification 和警务的公开可用数据提供了一个案例示例。我们绘制了红线划定和 gentrification 的交点，并使用贝叶斯空间泊松回归模型估计了它们与警察活动的邻里水平关联。我们发现，像红线划定这样的种族主义住房政策的历史和 gentrification 的过程是相互依存的，它们塑造了当代邻里的种族和经济隔离以及警察活动。与结构上具有优势的社区相比，警察在以下社区中的停留时间更长：1）历史上被剥夺（即被红线划定）并且仍然处于低收入和结构劣势的社区；2）以前是工业和商业区，没有被红线划定，但现在 gentrified。值得注意的是，我们发现，在那些既被红线划定又 gentrified 的社区中，警察的执法行为明显更为密集。这些发现共同说明了基于地点的剥夺、流离失所和警务的种族化过程是如何紧密交织在一起的，以维持种族资本主义。我们的研究结果还强调了同时检查多个种族化过程的重要性，以填补现有文献中的关键空白，这些空白对于解决结构性种族主义的可持续解决方案是必要的。
