Herrera Teresa, Seok Eunsil, Cowell Whitney, Brown Eric, Magzamen Sheryl, Ako Ako Adams, Wright Rosalind J, Trasande Leonardo, Ortiz Robin, Stroustrup Annemarie, Ghassabian Akhgar
Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2024 Dec 10;79(1):12-18. doi: 10.1136/jech-2024-222134.
Evidence suggests historical redlining shaped the built environment and health outcomes in urban areas. Only a handful of studies have examined redlining's association with air pollution and adverse birth outcomes in New York City (NYC). Additionally, no NYC-specific studies have examined the impact of redlining on birth weight.
This longitudinal cohort study analysed data from the National Institute of Health Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Programme to investigate the extent to which maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood is associated with fine particulate matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy using multivariable regression models. Additionally, we examined how maternal residence in a historically redlined neighbourhood during pregnancy influenced birth weight z-score, preterm birth and low birth weight.
Our air pollution model showed that living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with increased PM exposure during pregnancy. We also found living in a historically redlined census tract or an ungraded census tract was associated with a lower birth weight z-score. This finding remained significant when controlling for individual and census tract-level race, ethnicity and income. When we controlled PM in our models assessing the relationship between redlining grade and birth outcome, our results did not change.
Our study supports the literature linking redlining to contemporary outcomes. However, our research in ungraded tracts suggests redlining alone is insufficient to fully explain inequality in birth outcomes and PM levels today.
有证据表明，历史上的红线划定塑造了城市地区的建筑环境和健康状况。仅有少数研究探讨了红线划定与纽约市空气污染及不良出生结局之间的关联。此外，尚无针对纽约市的研究考察红线划定对出生体重的影响。
这项纵向队列研究分析了美国国立卫生研究院儿童健康结果环境影响项目的数据，使用多变量回归模型调查孕妇居住在历史上被划定为红线区域的社区与孕期细颗粒物（PM）暴露之间的关联程度。此外，我们还研究了孕期孕妇居住在历史上被划定为红线区域的社区如何影响出生体重z评分、早产和低出生体重。
我们的空气污染模型显示，居住在历史上被划定为红线区域的普查区或未分级普查区与孕期PM暴露增加有关。我们还发现，居住在历史上被划定为红线区域的普查区或未分级普查区与较低的出生体重z评分有关。在控制个体和普查区层面的种族、民族和收入后，这一发现仍然显著。当我们在评估红线划定等级与出生结局之间关系的模型中控制PM时，我们的结果没有改变。
我们的研究支持了将红线划定与当代结果联系起来的文献。然而，我们对未分级区域的研究表明，仅红线划定不足以完全解释当今出生结局和PM水平方面的不平等。
