Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Institute of Bismuth Science, School of Materials and Chemistry, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
Acta Biomater. 2024 Mar 1;176:390-404. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.01.007. Epub 2024 Jan 18.
Non-invasive precision tumor dynamic phototherapy has broad application prospects. Traditional semiconductor materials have low photocatalytic activity and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rate due to their wide band gap, resulting in unsatisfactory phototherapy efficacy for tumor treatment. Employing the dye-sensitization mechanism can significantly enhance the catalytic activity of the materials. We develop a multifunctional nanoplatform (BZP) by leveraging the benefits of bismuth-based semiconductor nanomaterials. BZP possesses robust ROS generation and remarkable near-infrared photothermal conversion capabilities for improving tumor immune microenvironment and achieving superior phototherapy sensitization. BZP produces highly cytotoxic ROS species via the photocatalytic process and cascade reaction, amplifying the photocatalytic therapy effect. Moreover, the simultaneous photothermal effect during the photocatalytic process facilitates the improvement of therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, BZP-mediated phototherapy can trigger the programmed death of tumor cells, stimulate dendritic cell maturation and T cell activation, modulate the tumor immune microenvironment, and augment the therapeutic effect. Hence, this study demonstrates a promising research paradigm for tumor immune microenvironment-improved phototherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Through the utilization of dye sensitization and rare earth doping techniques, we have successfully developed a biodegradable bismuth-based semiconductor nanocatalyst (BZP). Upon optical excitation, the near-infrared dye incorporated within BZP promptly generates free electrons, which, under the influence of the Fermi energy level, undergo transfer to BiF within BZP, thereby facilitating the effective separation of electron-hole pairs and augmenting the catalytic capability for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, a cascade reaction mechanism generates highly cytotoxic ROS, which synergistically depletes intracellular glutathione, thereby intensifying oxidative stress. Ultimately, this dual activation strategy, combining oxidative and thermal damage, holds significant potential for tumor immunotherapy.
非侵入性精准肿瘤动态光疗具有广阔的应用前景。传统半导体材料由于其宽带隙，光催化活性低，活性氧（ROS）生成率低，导致肿瘤治疗的光疗效果不理想。采用染料敏化机制可以显著提高材料的催化活性。我们利用基于铋的半导体纳米材料的优势，开发了一种多功能纳米平台（BZP）。BZP 具有强大的 ROS 生成能力和显著的近红外光热转换能力，可改善肿瘤免疫微环境，实现卓越的光疗敏化效果。BZP 通过光催化过程和级联反应产生高细胞毒性 ROS 物质，放大光催化治疗效果。此外，光催化过程中的同时光热效应有助于提高治疗效果。此外，BZP 介导的光疗可以触发肿瘤细胞的程序性死亡，刺激树突状细胞成熟和 T 细胞激活，调节肿瘤免疫微环境，增强治疗效果。因此，本研究为改善肿瘤免疫微环境的光疗提供了一种有前途的研究范例。
通过利用染料敏化和稀土掺杂技术，我们成功开发了一种可生物降解的基于铋的半导体纳米催化剂（BZP）。在光激发下，BZP 内掺入的近红外染料迅速产生自由电子，在费米能级的影响下，这些电子转移到 BZP 中的 BiF 中，从而有效地分离电子-空穴对并增强产生活性氧（ROS）的催化能力。此外，级联反应机制产生高细胞毒性 ROS，协同耗竭细胞内谷胱甘肽，从而加剧氧化应激。最终，这种氧化和热损伤的双重激活策略为肿瘤免疫治疗提供了巨大的潜力。
