Martins-Gomes Carlos, Nunes Fernando M, Silva Amélia M
Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Cell Biology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Chemistry Research Centre-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jan 1;13(1):65. doi: 10.3390/antiox13010065.
Food intake is a basic need to sustain life, but foodborne pathogens and food-related xenobiotics are also the main health concerns regarding intestinal barrier homeostasis. With a predominant role in the well-being of the entire human body, intestinal barrier homeostasis is strictly regulated by epithelial and immune cells. These cells are also the main intervenients in oxidative stress and inflammation-related diseases in the intestinal tract, triggered, for example, by genetic/epigenetic factors, food additives, pesticides, drugs, pathogens, and their metabolites. Nevertheless, the human diet can also be seen as a solution for the problem, mainly via the inclusion of functional foods or nutraceuticals that may act as antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agents to prevent and mitigate acute and chronic oxidative damage and inflammation. A literature analysis of recent advances in this topic highlights the significant role of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathways in these biological processes, with many natural products and phytochemicals targeting endogenous antioxidant systems and cytokine production and balance. In this review, we summarized and discussed studies using in vitro and in vivo models of the intestinal tract used to reproduce oxidative damage and inflammatory events, as well as the role of natural products as modulators of Nrf2 and NK-kB pathways.
食物摄入是维持生命的基本需求，但食源性病原体和与食物相关的外源性物质也是肠道屏障稳态的主要健康问题。肠道屏障稳态对整个人体的健康起着主导作用，受到上皮细胞和免疫细胞的严格调控。这些细胞也是肠道氧化应激和炎症相关疾病的主要干预因素，这些疾病例如由遗传/表观遗传因素、食品添加剂、农药、药物、病原体及其代谢产物引发。然而，人类饮食也可被视为解决该问题的一种方法，主要是通过摄入功能性食品或营养保健品，它们可作为抗氧化/抗炎剂，预防和减轻急性和慢性氧化损伤及炎症。对该主题最新进展的文献分析突出了Nrf2（核因子红细胞2相关因子2）和NF-κB（活化B细胞的核因子κ轻链增强子）通路在这些生物学过程中的重要作用，许多天然产物和植物化学物质靶向内源性抗氧化系统以及细胞因子的产生和平衡。在本综述中，我们总结并讨论了使用肠道体外和体内模型来重现氧化损伤和炎症事件的研究，以及天然产物作为Nrf2和NF-κB通路调节剂的作用。
