Toward Digital Twin Development for Implant Placement Planning Using a Parametric Reduced-Order Model.

Real-time stress distribution data for implants and cortical bones can aid in determining appropriate implant placement plans and improving the post-placement success rate. This study aims to achieve these goals via a parametric reduced-order model (ROM) method based on stress distribution data obtained using finite element analysis. For the first time, the finite element analysis cases for six design variables related to implant placement were determined simultaneously via the design of experiments and a sensitivity analysis. The differences between the minimum and maximum stresses obtained for the six design variables confirm that the order of their influence is: Young's modulus of the cancellous bone > implant thickness > front-rear angle > left-right angle > implant length. Subsequently, a one-dimensional (1-D) CAE solver was created using the ROM with the highest coefficient of determination and prognosis accuracy. The proposed 1-D CAE solver was loaded into the Ondemand3D program and used to implement a digital twin that can aid with dentists' decision making by combining various tooth image data to evaluate and visualize the adequacy of the placement plan in real time. Because the proposed ROM method does not rely entirely on the doctor's judgment, it ensures objectivity.