Gao Rong-Rong, Lei Qi-Long, Jin Xu, Zafar Iqbal, Yang Xing-Ke, Su Cheng-Yong, Hao Jia-Sheng, Nie Rui-E
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Insects. 2024 Jan 11;15(1):50. doi: 10.3390/insects15010050.
is one of the diverse genera in the subfamily Galerucinae, including 708 species and 6 sub-species worldwide. To explore the information on the mitogenome characteristics and phylogeny of the section "Monoleptites", especially the genus , we obtained the newly completed mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four species using high-throughput sequencing technology. The lengths of these four new mitochondrial genomes are 16,672 bp, 16,965 bp, 16,012 bp, and 15,866 bp in size, respectively. All four mitochondrial genomes include 22 transfer RNA genes (), 13 protein-coding genes (), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (), and one control region, which is consistent with other Coleoptera. The results of the nonsynonymous with synonymous substitution rates showed that had the highest evolution rate, while displayed the lowest evolution rate. The substitution saturation of three datasets (13 _codon1, 13 _codon2, 13 _codon3) showed that there was no saturation across all datasets. Phylogenetic analyses based on three datasets (, 15 genes of mitogenomes, and _AA) were carried out using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results showed that mitogenomes had a greater capacity to resolve the main clades than the gene at the suprageneric and species levels. The section "Monoleptites" was proven to be a monophyletic group, while was a non-monophyletic group. Based on data, the newly sequenced species whose antennal segment 2 was shorter than 3 were split into several clades, while, based on the mitogenomic dataset, the four newly sequenced species had close relationships with . The species whose antennal segment 2 was as long as 3 were split into two clades, which indicated that the characteristic of "antennal segment 2 as long as 3" of the true "" evolved multiple times in several subgroups. Therefore, to explore the relationships among the true , the most important thing is to perform a thorough revision of and related genera in the future.
是叶甲亚科中种类多样的属之一，全球包括708个物种和6个亚种。为了探究“Monoleptites”组尤其是该属的线粒体基因组特征和系统发育信息，我们利用高通量测序技术获得了四种[该属名称未给出]物种新完成的线粒体基因组。这四个新线粒体基因组的长度分别为16,672 bp、16,965 bp、16,012 bp和15,866 bp。所有四个线粒体基因组都包括22个转运RNA基因（tRNAs）、13个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）、2个核糖体RNA基因（rRNAs）和一个控制区，这与其他鞘翅目昆虫一致。非同义替换率与同义替换率的结果表明，[物种名称未给出]进化速率最高，而[另一物种名称未给出]进化速率最低。三个数据集（13个PCGs的第一、第二、第三密码子位置）的替换饱和度表明，所有数据集中均未出现饱和度。基于三个数据集（PCGs、线粒体基因组的15个基因和PCGs的氨基酸序列），使用最大似然法（ML）和贝叶斯推断法（BI）进行了系统发育分析。结果表明，在线科级和物种水平上，线粒体基因组比PCG基因有更强的能力解析主要分支。“Monoleptites”组被证明是一个单系类群，而[该属名称未给出]是一个并系类群。基于PCG数据，触角第二节短于第三节的新测序物种被分成几个分支，而基于线粒体基因组数据集，四个新测序物种与[另一物种名称未给出]关系密切。触角第二节与第三节等长的物种被分成两个分支，这表明真正的[该属名称未给出]的“触角第二节与第三节等长”这一特征在几个亚群中多次独立进化。因此，为了探究真正的[该属名称未给出]之间的关系，未来最重要的是对[该属名称未给出]及相关属进行全面修订。
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