Caraballo Israel, Pezelj Luka, Ramos-Álvarez Juan José
GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain.
Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cádiz, Spain.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Jan 3;9(1):18. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9010018.
The aim of this study was to analyse the variables that determine the performance of the Optimist class during a regatta in different wind conditions. A total of 203 elite sailors of the Optimist class (121 boys and 82 girls) participated in the study. According to their ranking in the regatta, the sample was divided into four performance groups. In a regatta with 11 races, the velocity made good (VMG), the distance and the manoeuvres were evaluated by means of GNSS equipment in three different courses. The boys performed a greater number of upwind and running manoeuvres than the girls. The very-low-level sailors obtained a lower VMG in all the courses analysed compared with the rest of the groups of sailors of higher levels. Upwind manoeuvres, broad reach and running VMG were significant variables for establishing differences in performance level when the wind speed was in a range of 5 to ≤8 knots. When the wind speed was in the >8 to ≤12 knot range, upwind distance was the key variable in determining performance differences. VMG, upwind and broad reach distance and broad reach manoeuvres were the most important variables when the wind speed was in the >12 to 15 knots range. The boys performed more manoeuvres than the girls in the upwind and running courses.
本研究的目的是分析在不同风力条件下帆船比赛中决定奥普蒂级帆船性能的变量。共有203名奥普蒂级精英帆船手（121名男孩和82名女孩）参与了该研究。根据他们在比赛中的排名，样本被分为四个成绩组。在一场有11场比赛的帆船比赛中，借助全球导航卫星系统设备在三条不同航线上评估了有效航速（VMG）、行驶距离和操纵动作。男孩比女孩进行了更多的逆风行驶和顺风行驶操纵动作。与其他水平较高的帆船手组相比，极低水平的帆船手在所有分析的航线上获得的有效航速更低。当风速在5至≤8节的范围内时，逆风操纵动作、大角度顺风行驶和顺风行驶有效航速是确定成绩水平差异的显著变量。当风速在>8至≤12节的范围内时，逆风行驶距离是决定成绩差异的关键变量。当风速在>12至15节的范围内时，有效航速、逆风行驶和大角度顺风行驶距离以及大角度顺风行驶操纵动作是最重要的变量。在逆风行驶和顺风行驶航段中，男孩比女孩进行了更多的操纵动作。
