Nordaunet O M, Gjevjon E R, Olsson C, Aagaard H, Borglin G
Department of Bachelor Education (Nursing), Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Lovisenberggata 15B, NO-0456, Oslo, Norway.
Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Karlstad University, Universitetsgatan 2, 651 88, Karlstad, Sweden.
BMC Nurs. 2024 Jan 22;23(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01675-1.
This scoping review investigated and descriptively summarised previous research about fundamental nursing, its focus (what care needs are described, how is it described and by whom is it described), continuity of care (is it described in relation to fundamental nursing) and possible nursing interventions or activities targeting older people's fundamentals of care needs in home- or facility-based care.
This scoping review was carried out following the steps of Arksey and O'Malley's methodology and PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed via NIH, CINAHL via EBSCO and PsycInfo via ProQuest for the time period between January 2002 and May 2023.
Forty-two studies were included where the majority had been conducted in a facility-based care context. Nutrition-or rather nutritional care activities targeting eating and drinking-was the most frequently described fundamental care needs addressed. After this came personal care such as cleansing, dressing, oral care, skin, and foot care. Few studies addressed more than one fundamental care need at the time. The nursing staff described fundamental nursing as complex, comprehensive, and demanding. Older people and relatives described a gap between the fundamental nursing provided and their perceived need for support. Less attention was given to older peoples relational and psychosocial needs. Identified nursing interventions mainly targeted physical care needs. Our findings also implied that interventions focusing on fundamental nursing were described as feasible in practice with favourable or moderate results, while long-term effects were difficult to detect. No studies were identified focusing on fundamental nursing in relation to outcomes such as continuity of care.
Fundamental nursing was mainly described in relation to physical care needs, which were essentially conducted within facility-based care contexts. Interventions and activities primarily focused on one fundamental need at the time, mainly within the physical domain. No nursing interventions were identified focusing on relational and psychosocial needs where continuity of care can be viewed as a relevant outcome. Such limited focus are especially concerning as research has highlighted the importance of that older people with complex care needs can benefit from a holistic and person-centred approach i.e. fundamental nursing.
Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XJ39E Protocol: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069798.
本范围综述调查并描述性总结了以往关于基础护理的研究，包括其重点（描述了哪些护理需求、如何描述以及由谁描述）、护理连续性（是否在基础护理相关内容中被描述）以及在家庭或机构护理中针对老年人基础护理需求可能采取的护理干预措施或活动。
本范围综述按照阿克西和奥马利的方法步骤以及PRISMA - ScR报告指南进行。在2002年1月至2023年5月期间，通过美国国立医学图书馆的PubMed、EBSCO的CINAHL以及ProQuest的PsycInfo进行检索。
纳入了42项研究，其中大多数是在机构护理背景下进行的。营养——更确切地说是针对饮食的营养护理活动——是最常被描述的基础护理需求。其次是个人护理，如清洁、穿衣、口腔护理、皮肤和足部护理。当时很少有研究涉及不止一项基础护理需求。护理人员将基础护理描述为复杂、全面且要求高。老年人及其亲属表示所提供的基础护理与他们所感知的支持需求之间存在差距。对老年人的关系和心理社会需求关注较少。已确定的护理干预主要针对身体护理需求。我们的研究结果还表明，关注基础护理的干预措施在实践中被描述为可行，结果良好或中等，但难以检测到长期效果。未发现有研究关注基础护理与护理连续性等结果相关的内容。
基础护理主要是围绕身体护理需求进行描述，这些需求基本上是在机构护理背景下开展的。干预措施和活动当时主要集中在一项基础需求上，主要是在身体领域。未发现有针对关系和心理社会需求的护理干预措施，而护理连续性可被视为一个相关结果。鉴于研究强调了有复杂护理需求的老年人能从整体的、以人为主的方法即基础护理中受益，这种有限的关注尤其令人担忧。
开放科学框架https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XJ39E 方案：http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069798 。
