Kumar B, Messahel F M
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1987 Jan;31(1):96-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02528.x.
Eight different epidural needles (Tuohy Everett, Pitkin, Braun Perifix and Portex in 16-gauge, and Becton Dickinson Crawford, Becton Dickinson B-D, Monoject and Portex in 18-gauge) were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and spectral x-ray analysis. Differences were noted in the metal composition, between disposable and reusable needles with respect to molybdenum content. The inner surface of the 18-gauge Crawford needle was found to be the smoothest and it also had the best clearance between the needle and stilette. The Portex 16-gauge had the best needle/stilette fit at its bevel. The hardness of the metal was found to be satisfactory in all the needles.
