Kao Carol M
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
J Clin Med. 2024 Jan 12;13(2):424. doi: 10.3390/jcm13020424.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel respiratory virus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Since then, substantial gains have been made in our understanding of COVID-19 epidemiology, disease presentation, and management. While children tend to have less severe disease courses compared to adults, children can still develop severe COVID-19 infections, particularly in those with underlying medical conditions such as obesity, chronic lung disease, or prematurity. In addition, children are at risk of severe complications of COVID-19 infection, such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or long COVID. The case definitions of MIS-C and long COVID have continued to evolve with the increased understanding of these new entities; however, improved methods of diagnosis and determination of the optimal management are still needed. Furthermore, with the continued circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, there remains a need for clinicians to remain up-to-date on the latest treatment and prevention options. The purpose of this review is to provide an evidence-based review of what we have learned about COVID-19 in children since the start of the pandemic and how best to counsel children and their families on the best methods of prevention.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）由新型呼吸道病毒——严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，2020年3月11日世界卫生组织宣布其为全球大流行疾病。从那时起，我们对COVID-19的流行病学、疾病表现和管理的认识有了显著进展。虽然与成人相比，儿童的病程往往不太严重，但儿童仍可能发生严重的COVID-19感染，特别是那些有潜在疾病的儿童，如肥胖、慢性肺病或早产。此外，儿童有发生COVID-19感染严重并发症的风险，如儿童多系统炎症综合征（MIS-C）或新冠后综合征。随着对这些新实体的认识增加，MIS-C和新冠后综合征的病例定义也在不断演变；然而，仍需要改进诊断方法并确定最佳管理方案。此外，随着SARS-CoV-2变体的持续传播，临床医生仍需要了解最新的治疗和预防选择。本综述的目的是基于证据回顾自疫情开始以来我们对儿童COVID-19的了解，以及如何最好地就最佳预防方法向儿童及其家庭提供咨询。
