Murererehe Julienne, Malele-Kolisa Yolanda, Niragire François, Yengopal Veerasamy
Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Department of Community Dentistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 25;24(1):128. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03828-9.
Assessing health-related quality of life has become integral to people living with HIV (PLHIV) follow-up. However, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of oral health on quality of life, known as Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals in Rwanda.
The study aimed to assess OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative counterparts in Kigali, Rwanda.
The Oral Health Impact Profile short version (OHIP-14) questionnaire was interviewer-administered to 200 PLHIV and 200 HIV-negative adults (≥ 18 years old) at an HIV clinic of Kigali Teaching Hospital (CHUK). Socio-demographic characteristics, including age, sex, occupation, and socioeconomic status (SES) of participants, were collected using a survey questionnaire. A 4-point Likert scale was used to assess the frequency of oral impacts for all 14 items within 7 domains of the OHIP tool. The descriptive statistics were used to see frequencies and percentages of OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative persons, respectively. The Chi-square test was used to determine the association of OHRQoL with caries (DMFT) and periodontal disease (CPITN) among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals.
The results revealed a higher prevalence of PLHIV with poor OHRQoL than HIV-negative individuals in 5 domains and almost all items of OHIP-14 except for the OHIP 3 (found it uncomfortable to eat any foods because of problems with teeth or mouth) and OHIP-14 (being totally unable to function because of problems with teeth or mouth). The findings showed statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.05) for the OHIP1 item "trouble pronouncing any word," with a prevalence of 2.5% (n = 11) and 2.25% (n = 9) in PLHIV and HIV-negative, respectively. Also, PLHIV had a significantly higher prevalence, 2.75% (n = 11) for the OHIP 13 item "life not satisfying due to teeth and mouth problems compared to HIV-negative individuals 2% (8) p ≤ 0.05. Moreover, dental caries was significantly associated with poor OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults and for all 14 items of the OHIP tool. Periodontal disease was not significantly associated with OHRQoL among PLHIV and HIV-negative adults.
This study revealed poor OHRQoL among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative adults. There is a need for further longitudinal studies to investigate the OHRQoL in Rwanda, especially among PLHIV. It is essential to include oral health care as one of the components of the medical health care programs for PLHIV in Rwanda.
评估与健康相关的生活质量已成为艾滋病毒感染者（PLHIV）随访工作中不可或缺的一部分。然而，与卢旺达的艾滋病毒阴性个体相比，关于口腔健康对生活质量的影响（即口腔健康相关生活质量，OHRQoL）的数据却很匮乏。
本研究旨在评估卢旺达基加利市PLHIV与艾滋病毒阴性个体相比的OHRQoL。
在基加利教学医院（CHUK）的一家艾滋病毒诊所，由访员对200名PLHIV和200名艾滋病毒阴性成年人（≥18岁）进行《口腔健康影响程度简表》（OHIP - 14）问卷调查。通过调查问卷收集参与者的社会人口学特征，包括年龄、性别、职业和社会经济地位（SES）。采用4分李克特量表评估OHIP工具7个领域内所有14项条目中口腔影响的频率。描述性统计分别用于查看PLHIV和艾滋病毒阴性个体中OHRQoL的频率和百分比。卡方检验用于确定与艾滋病毒阴性个体相比，PLHIV中OHRQoL与龋齿（DMFT）和牙周疾病（CPITN）之间的关联。
结果显示，在5个领域以及除OHIP 3（因牙齿或口腔问题吃任何食物都不舒服）和OHIP - 14（因牙齿或口腔问题完全无法正常生活）之外的几乎所有OHIP - 14条目上，OHRQoL较差的PLHIV患病率高于艾滋病毒阴性个体。研究结果显示，OHIP1条目“发音困难”具有统计学显著差异（p≤0.05），PLHIV中的患病率为2.5%（n = 11），艾滋病毒阴性个体中的患病率为2.25%（n = 9）。此外，OHIP 13条目“因牙齿和口腔问题生活不满意”的PLHIV患病率显著更高，为2.75%（n = 11），而艾滋病毒阴性个体为2%（n = 8），p≤0.05。此外，在PLHIV和艾滋病毒阴性成年人中，以及在OHIP工具的所有14个条目中，龋齿与较差的OHRQoL显著相关。牙周疾病在PLHIV和艾滋病毒阴性成年人中与OHRQoL无显著关联。
本研究显示，与艾滋病毒阴性成年人相比，PLHIV的OHRQoL较差。卢旺达需要进一步开展纵向研究，以调查OHRQoL，特别是在PLHIV中。将口腔保健纳入卢旺达PLHIV医疗保健计划的组成部分至关重要。
