Gómez-Morales Guillermo Baudelio, Rosas-Torres Brenda Sofía, Hernández-Jiménez Williams Jesús, Mattenberger-Cantú Estefanía, Vargas-Villarreal Javier, Almanza-Reyes Horacio, González-Salazar Francisco
Northeast Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Mexican Social Security, Monterrey, Mexico.
Basic Science Department, University of Monterrey, Garza García, Mexico.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jan 11;11:1220753. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1220753. eCollection 2023.
Hispanic immigrants are a fast-growing population in the United States of America (USA) that disproportionately suffer from chronic diseases. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity in Latin-American countries, only a few studies have examined the onset of chronic diseases in Mexican and Central American migrants in Mexico.
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in Central American immigrants who are in the process of traveling through northeastern Mexico to the United States.
An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among migrants, mostly Central Americans. Migrants who agreed to participate in the study were interviewed face-to-face by researchers to obtain their sociodemographic data. To obtain the prevalence, many health indicators related to obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, including weight, height, fasting glucose, and blood pressure, were measured.
In total, 520 migrants were interviewed; sociodemographic data indicated that most participants were men (76%), from Honduras (72.6%), single (61.2%), and have elementary level of education (48.6%). The somatometric evaluation revealed that 28.9% were diagnosed as overweight, 10.7% with obesity, and 3.3% with malnutrition. Of less prevalence, 8.8% were detected with hypertension and 4.6% had fasting hyperglycemia. The mean participant age was 29.11 ± 10.00 years. For each participant, the average weight was 66.72 ± 13.09 kg; the average height was 1.64 ± 0.08 m; the average body mass index (BMI) was 24.59 ± 4.32; the mean systolic and diastolic pressures were 116.26 ± 15.13 and 74 ± 9.65, respectively; and the average glycemia was 100.97 ± 21.99. El Salvador showed the highest proportion of people with diabetes (14.7%). Women who participated in this study had a higher proportion of obesity (23.4%, = 0.02) and overweight (36.2%) than men (8.4 and 29.2%, respectively). People from Mexico, Nicaragua, and Honduras reported a high prevalence of overweight participants (63.6, 47.4, and 30.7%, respectively), while people from El Salvador and Nicaragua had a high prevalence of obese participants (23.5 and 21.1%, respectively).
We found significant differences in the rates of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension between groups of Central American migrants and their place of origin, age, educational level, and gender. Our findings highlight the importance of exploring differences within groups of Central American migrants traveling through northeastern Mexico to the United States, which may explain several health indicators.
西班牙裔移民在美国是一个快速增长的群体，他们患慢性病的比例过高。尽管拉丁美洲国家肥胖症的患病率在上升，但只有少数研究调查了墨西哥和中美洲移民在墨西哥患慢性病的情况。
本研究的目的是确定正在穿越墨西哥东北部前往美国的中美洲移民中肥胖、糖尿病和高血压的患病率。
对主要为中美洲移民的人群进行了一项观察性、描述性横断面研究。同意参与研究的移民由研究人员进行面对面访谈，以获取他们的社会人口学数据。为了获得患病率，测量了许多与肥胖、糖尿病和高血压相关的健康指标，包括体重、身高、空腹血糖和血压。
总共采访了520名移民；社会人口学数据表明，大多数参与者为男性（76%），来自洪都拉斯（72.6%），单身（61.2%），且教育程度为小学（48.6%）。人体测量评估显示，28.9%被诊断为超重，10.7%为肥胖，3.3%为营养不良。患病率较低的是，8.8%被检测出患有高血压，4.6%有空腹血糖过高。参与者的平均年龄为29.11±10.00岁。每位参与者的平均体重为66.72±13.09千克；平均身高为1.64±0.08米；平均体重指数（BMI）为24.59±4.32；平均收缩压和舒张压分别为116.26±15.13和74±9.65；平均血糖为100.97±21.99。萨尔瓦多糖尿病患者的比例最高（14.7%）。参与本研究的女性肥胖（23.4%，P=0.02）和超重（36.2%）的比例高于男性（分别为8.4%和29.2%）。来自墨西哥、尼加拉瓜和洪都拉斯的超重参与者患病率较高（分别为63.6%、47.4%和30.7%），而来自萨尔瓦多和尼加拉瓜的肥胖参与者患病率较高（分别为23.5%和21.1%）。
我们发现中美洲移民群体之间在肥胖、糖尿病和高血压患病率方面存在显著差异，这些差异与他们的原籍地、年龄、教育程度和性别有关。我们的研究结果强调了探索穿越墨西哥东北部前往美国的中美洲移民群体内部差异的重要性，这些差异可能解释一些健康指标。
