Mazhar Shahneela, Simon Annie, Khokhlova Ekaterina, Colom Joan, Leeuwendaal Natasha, Deaton John, Rea Kieran
ADM Cork H&W Limited, Bio-Innovation Unit, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
ADM Deerland Probiotics and Enzymes, Kennesaw, GA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jan 10;14:1302480. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1302480. eCollection 2023.
species have garnered much interest in health-related functional food research owing to their desirable probiotic properties, including pathogen exclusion, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and food fermentation capabilities coupled with their tolerance of extreme environments (pH, temperature, gastric and bile acid resistance) and stability due to their endosporulation ability.
In this study, the novel strain CGI314 was assessed for safety, and functional probiotic attributes including resistance to heat, gastric acid and bile salts, the ability to adhere to intestinal cells, aggregation properties, the ability to suppress the growth of human pathogens, enzymatic profile, antioxidant capacity using biochemical and cell-based methods, cholesterol assimilation, anti-inflammatory activity, and attenuation of hydrogen peroxide (HO)-induced disruption of the intestinal-epithelial barrier.
CGI314 spores display resistance to high temperatures (40°C, 70°C, and 90°C), and gastric and bile acids [pH 3.0 and bile salt (0.3%)], demonstrating its ability to survive and remain viable under gastrointestinal conditions. Spores and the vegetative form of this strain were able to adhere to a mucous-producing intestinal cell line, demonstrated moderate auto-aggregation properties, and could co-aggregate with potentially pathogenic bacteria. Vegetative cells attenuated LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in HT-29 intestinal cell lines and demonstrated broad antagonistic activity toward numerous urinary tract, intestinal, oral, and skin pathogens. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated its ability to synthesize several amino acids, vitamins and short-chain fatty acids from the breakdown of complex molecules or by synthesis. Additionally, CGI314's strong antioxidant capacity was demonstrated using enzyme-based methods and was further supported by its cytoprotective and antioxidant effects in HepG2 and HT-29 cell lines. Furthermore CGI314 significantly increased the expression of tight junction proteins and partially ameliorated the detrimental effects of HO induced intestinal-epithelial barrier integrity.
Taken together these beneficial functional properties provide strong evidence for CGI314 as a promising potential probiotic candidate in food products.
由于其具有理想的益生菌特性，包括排除病原体、抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节和食品发酵能力，以及对极端环境（pH值、温度、胃酸和胆汁酸耐受性）的耐受性和因产芽孢能力而具有的稳定性，[该]物种在与健康相关的功能性食品研究中引起了广泛关注。
在本研究中，对新型菌株CGI314进行了安全性评估，以及功能性益生菌特性评估，包括耐热性、耐胃酸和耐胆汁盐性、黏附肠细胞的能力、聚集特性、抑制人类病原体生长的能力、酶谱分析、使用生化和基于细胞的方法评估抗氧化能力、胆固醇同化、抗炎活性，以及减轻过氧化氢（HO）诱导的肠上皮屏障破坏。
CGI314孢子对高温（40°C、70°C和90°C）以及胃酸和胆汁酸[pH 3.0和胆汁盐（0.3%）]具有抗性，表明其在胃肠道条件下能够存活并保持活力。该菌株的孢子和营养体能够黏附于产生黏液的肠细胞系，表现出适度的自聚集特性，并且能够与潜在病原菌共聚集。营养体细胞减弱了LPS诱导的HT - 29肠细胞系中促炎细胞因子基因的表达，并对多种泌尿道、肠道、口腔和皮肤病原体表现出广泛的拮抗活性。代谢组学分析表明其能够从复杂分子的分解或合成中合成多种氨基酸、维生素和短链脂肪酸。此外，使用基于酶的方法证明了CGI314具有强大的抗氧化能力，并且其在HepG2和HT - 29细胞系中的细胞保护和抗氧化作用进一步支持了这一点。此外，CGI314显著增加了紧密连接蛋白的表达，并部分改善了HO诱导的肠上皮屏障完整性的有害影响。
综上所述，这些有益的功能特性为CGI314作为食品中一种有前途的潜在益生菌候选菌株提供了有力证据。
