Department of Economics, International Black Sea University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Department of Economics and Finance, Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Feb;31(10):14912-14926. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32150-2. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
A country's financing system is essential in addressing sustainable development requirements. National sources and international financial flows contribute to economic growth and environmental quality in many ways, and their impact can be critical. This paper applied panel data analysis using a comparative approach of Pooled Mean Group Auto Regressive Distribute Lags (PMG-ARDL) and Cross Sectionally ARDL (CS-ARDL) to estimate the effects of FDI, renewable energy, and remittance on environmental quality in the top remittance-receiving countries, during 2000-2021. The study emphasized the positive relationship between FDI and carbon emissions. Moreover, renewable energy and remittances revealed an inverted U-shaped relationship with carbon emissions. In the case of developing countries from the panel, remittance improves environmental quality after reaching the threshold. Moreover, for some of the developing countries included in the panel, we found that they do not achieve the desired carbon mitigation effect in their early stages of renewable energy implementation. However, renewable energy becomes a key factor for tackling environmental pollution after a certain threshold. The mixed results determined diverse policy recommendations for various stakeholders.
一个国家的融资体系对于应对可持续发展要求至关重要。国家资金和国际资金流以多种方式促进经济增长和环境质量，其影响可能是关键的。本文采用面板数据分析方法，使用 Pooled Mean Group Auto Regressive Distribute Lags (PMG-ARDL) 和 Cross Sectionally ARDL (CS-ARDL) 进行比较，以估计 2000-2021 年间在顶级汇款接收国的外国直接投资、可再生能源和汇款对环境质量的影响。该研究强调了外国直接投资与碳排放之间的正相关关系。此外，可再生能源和汇款与碳排放之间呈现出倒 U 型关系。就面板中的发展中国家而言，在达到门槛后，汇款会改善环境质量。此外，对于面板中包含的一些发展中国家，我们发现它们在可再生能源实施的早期阶段并没有达到预期的碳减排效果。然而，可再生能源在达到一定门槛后成为解决环境污染的关键因素。混合的结果为不同的利益相关者确定了不同的政策建议。
