Unveiling the Morphology of Carbon-Supported Ru Nanoparticles by Multiscale Modeling.

Simulating the behavior of metal nanoparticles on supports is crucial for boosting their catalytic performance and various nanotechnology applications; however, such simulations are limited by the conflicts between accuracy and efficiency. Herein, we introduce a multiscale modeling strategy to unveil the morphology of Ru supported on pristine and N-doped graphene. Our multiscale modeling started with the electronic structures of a supported Ru single atom, revealing the strong metal-support interaction around pyridinic nitrogen sites. To determine the stable configurations of Ru clusters on three different graphene supports, global energy minimum searches were performed. The sintering of the global minimum Ru clusters on supports was further simulated by ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). The AIMD data set was then collected for deep potential molecular dynamics to study the melting of Ru nanoparticles. This study presents comprehensive descriptions of carbon-supported Ru and develops modeling approaches that bridge different scales and can be applied to various supported nanoparticle systems.