Faculty of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2024;188:51-81. doi: 10.1007/10_2023_246.
The use of plant proteins or peptides in biotechnology is based on their identification as possessing bioactive potential in plants. This is usually the case for antimicrobial, fungicidal, or insecticidal components of the plant's defense system. They function in addition to a large number of specialized metabolites. Such proteins can be classified according to their sequence, length, and structure, and this has been tried to describe for a few examples here. Even though such proteins or peptides can be induced during plant-pathogen interaction, they are still present in rather small amounts that make the system not suitable for the production in large-scale systems. Therefore, a suitable type of host needs to be identified, such as cell cultures or adult plants. Bioinformatic predictions can also be used to add to the number of bioactive sequences. Some problems that can occur in production by the plant system itself will be discussed, such as choice of promoter for gene expression, posttranslational protein modifications, protein stability, secretion of proteins, or induction by elicitors. Finally, the plant needs to be set up by biotechnological or molecular methods for production, and the product needs to be enriched or purified. In some cases of small peptides, a direct chemical synthesis might be feasible. Altogether, the process needs to be considered marketable.
植物蛋白或肽在生物技术中的应用基于它们被鉴定为具有植物防御系统中的生物活性潜力。这通常适用于植物的抗菌、杀菌或杀虫成分。除了大量的特殊代谢物外，它们还具有功能。这些蛋白质可以根据它们的序列、长度和结构进行分类，这里已经尝试对几个例子进行了描述。尽管在植物-病原体相互作用期间可以诱导这种蛋白质或肽，但它们仍然存在于相当小的量，这使得该系统不适合大规模系统的生产。因此，需要确定合适的宿主类型，例如细胞培养物或成年植物。生物信息学预测也可用于增加生物活性序列的数量。还将讨论植物系统本身在生产过程中可能出现的一些问题，例如基因表达的启动子选择、翻译后蛋白质修饰、蛋白质稳定性、蛋白质分泌或诱导物诱导。最后，需要通过生物技术或分子方法对植物进行生产设置，并且需要对产物进行富集或纯化。在某些情况下，对于小肽，直接化学合成可能是可行的。总之，该过程需要被认为具有商业可行性。
