Diallo Mouhamad S, Shi Tan, Zhang Yaqian, Peng Xinxing, Shozib Imtiaz, Wang Yan, Miara Lincoln J, Scott Mary C, Tu Qingsong Howard, Ceder Gerbrand
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA.
Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 29;15(1):858. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45030-7.
Despite the potentially higher energy density and improved safety of solid-state batteries (SSBs) relative to Li-ion batteries, failure due to Li-filament penetration of the solid electrolyte and subsequent short circuit remains a critical issue. Herein, we show that Li-filament growth is suppressed in solid-electrolyte pellets with a relative density beyond ~95%. Below this threshold value, however, the battery shorts more easily as the density increases due to faster Li-filament growth within the percolating pores in the pellet. The microstructural properties (e.g., pore size, connectivity, porosity, and tortuosity) of [Formula: see text] with various relative densities are quantified using focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy tomography and permeability tests. Furthermore, modeling results provide details on the Li-filament growth inside pores ranging from 0.2 to 2 μm in size. Our findings improve the understanding of the failure modes of SSBs and provide guidelines for the design of dendrite-free SSBs.
尽管固态电池（SSB）相对于锂离子电池具有潜在更高的能量密度和更高的安全性，但由于锂丝穿透固体电解质并随后导致短路而引发的故障仍然是一个关键问题。在此，我们表明，在相对密度超过约95%的固体电解质颗粒中，锂丝的生长受到抑制。然而，低于该阈值时，由于颗粒中渗流孔隙内锂丝生长更快，随着密度增加，电池更容易短路。使用聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜断层扫描和渗透率测试对具有不同相对密度的[公式：见正文]的微观结构特性（例如孔径、连通性、孔隙率和曲折度）进行了量化。此外，建模结果提供了尺寸范围从0.2到2μm的孔隙内锂丝生长的详细信息。我们的研究结果增进了对固态电池失效模式的理解，并为无枝晶固态电池的设计提供了指导。
