Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
J Vector Borne Dis. 2024 Jul 1;61(3):477-485. doi: 10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_162_23. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
Malaria is one of the critical public health problems globally as well as in India. Recent times have seen an increase in the importance of the possible effects of environmental and demographic factors on the local transmission of malaria. We conducted a community-level study between urban and rural areas to find out the factors associated with malaria infection.
A community-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2020 and September 2022 among 330 households from urban areas of Chetla, Kolkata and rural areas of Singur district of West Bengal state of India. Households were selected by two stage random sampling method. Study was done by face-to-face interview, review of medical records and observation of the households. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Multivariable logistic regression (hierarchical model) was done and p-value equal to or less than 0.05 was taken as significant.
The prevalence of malaria infection among participants and household level risks of malaria infection were found to be 6.1%, 1.8% and 18.8%, 6.7%, respectively in the urban and rural areas. Significant predictors of malaria infection were households with ≥5 family members [AOR=2.91{CI (1.19-7.15)}], households not using any mosquito protective measures [AOR=3.71{CI (1.04-13.13)}], presence of mosquito breeding places [AOR=4.93{CI (1.53-15.93)}], absence of effective window screen [AOR=3.19{CI (1.16-8.71)}], absence of separate kitchen [AOR=2.38{CI (1.06-5.34)}], and inadequate lighting condition in the house [AOR=4.35{CI (1.78-10.64)}].
This study provides important insights into the epidemiology of malaria in a high and low-transmission setting in West Bengal, India. Intensified efforts strengthening community mobilization for preventing breeding places for mosquito. Policy should strengthen investment in housing programs that may complement reduction of malaria transmission. Disease reduction effects of Government and local non-governmental organizations should be directed towards those areas in order to decrease disease load.
疟疾是全球范围内也是印度的一个重大公共卫生问题。最近，人们越来越关注环境和人口因素对疟疾本地传播的可能影响。我们在城市和农村地区进行了一项社区层面的研究，以找出与疟疾感染相关的因素。
这是一项在 2020 年 10 月至 2022 年 9 月期间在印度西孟加拉邦切特拉市的城市地区和辛格区的农村地区的 330 户家庭中进行的基于社区的观察性横断面研究。通过两阶段随机抽样方法选择家庭。研究通过面对面访谈、病历审查和家庭观察进行。使用 SPSS 软件进行数据分析。进行多变量逻辑回归（层次模型），p 值等于或小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在城市和农村地区，参与者的疟疾感染率和家庭层面的疟疾感染风险分别为 6.1%、1.8%和 18.8%、6.7%。疟疾感染的显著预测因素包括：家庭成员数≥5 的家庭 [比值比（AOR）=2.91（95%置信区间（CI）1.19-7.15）]、不使用任何驱蚊措施的家庭 [AOR=3.71（95%CI 1.04-13.13）]、存在蚊子滋生地的家庭 [AOR=4.93（95%CI 1.53-15.93）]、没有有效的窗户纱窗的家庭 [AOR=3.19（95%CI 1.16-8.71）]、没有独立厨房的家庭 [AOR=2.38（95%CI 1.06-5.34）]、以及房屋内照明条件不足的家庭 [AOR=4.35（95%CI 1.78-10.64）]。
这项研究提供了印度西孟加拉邦高传播和低传播地区疟疾流行病学的重要见解。需要加强社区动员，以防止蚊子滋生。政策应加强对住房计划的投资，这可能有助于减少疟疾传播。政府和当地非政府组织的疾病减少效果应针对那些地区，以减少疾病负担。
