Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, Korea.
Yonsei Med J. 2024 Feb;65(2):55-69. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2023.0131.
Mitochondria function as platforms for bioenergetics, nutrient metabolism, intracellular signaling, innate immunity regulators, and modulators of stem cell activity. Thus, the decline in mitochondrial functions causes or correlates with diabetes mellitus and many aging-related diseases. Upon stress or damage, the mitochondria elicit a series of adaptive responses to overcome stress and restore their structural integrity and functional homeostasis. These adaptive responses to low-level or transient mitochondrial stress promote health and resilience to upcoming stress. Beneficial effects of low-grade mitochondrial stress, termed mitohormesis, have been observed in various organisms, including mammals. Accumulated evidence indicates that treatments boosting mitohormesis have therapeutic potential in various human diseases accompanied by mitochondrial stress. Here, we review multiple cellular signaling pathways and interorgan communication mechanisms through which mitochondrial stress leads to advantageous outcomes. We also discuss the relevance of mitohormesis in obesity, diabetes, metabolic liver disease, aging, and exercise.
线粒体作为生物能量学、营养代谢、细胞内信号转导、先天免疫调节剂以及干细胞活性调节剂发挥作用。因此，线粒体功能的下降会导致或与糖尿病和许多与衰老相关的疾病相关。在受到压力或损伤时，线粒体引发一系列适应性反应以克服压力并恢复其结构完整性和功能平衡。这些对低水平或短暂线粒体应激的适应性反应促进了对即将到来的应激的健康和恢复能力。在包括哺乳动物在内的各种生物体中，已经观察到低水平线粒体应激的有益作用，称为mitohormesis。越来越多的证据表明，促进 mitohormesis 的治疗方法在伴有线粒体应激的各种人类疾病中具有治疗潜力。在这里，我们综述了多种细胞信号通路和器官间通讯机制，通过这些机制，线粒体应激会带来有利的结果。我们还讨论了 mitohormesis 在肥胖、糖尿病、代谢性肝病、衰老和运动中的相关性。
