Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2024 Oct;34(10):809-825. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.001. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Cell surface and intracellular mechanosensors enable cells to perceive different geometric, topographical, and physical cues. Mechanosensitive ion channels (MICs) localized at the cell surface and on the nuclear envelope (NE) are among the first to sense and transduce these signals. Beyond compartmentalizing the genome of the cell and its transcription, the nucleus also serves as a mechanical gauge of different physical and topographical features of the tissue microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the intricate mechanisms by which the nucleus and different ion channels regulate cell migration in confinement. We review evidence suggesting an interplay between macromolecular nuclear-cytoplasmic transport (NCT) and ionic transport across the cell membrane during confined migration. We also discuss the roles of the nucleus and ion channel-mediated mechanosensation, whether acting independently or in tandem, in orchestrating migratory mechanoresponses. Understanding nuclear and ion channel sensing, and their crosstalk, is critical to advancing our knowledge of cell migration in health and disease.
细胞表面和细胞内机械感受器使细胞能够感知不同的几何形状、拓扑结构和物理线索。位于细胞表面和核膜（NE）上的机械敏感离子通道（MICs）是最早感知和转导这些信号的通道之一。除了分隔细胞的基因组及其转录外，细胞核还作为细胞微环境的不同物理和拓扑特征的机械量规。在这篇综述中，我们深入探讨了细胞核和不同离子通道调节细胞在受限状态下迁移的复杂机制。我们回顾了证据，表明在受限迁移过程中，核质大分子转运（NCT）和跨细胞膜离子转运之间存在相互作用。我们还讨论了细胞核和离子通道介导的机械感觉在协调迁移机械反应中的作用，无论是独立作用还是协同作用。了解核和离子通道的感知及其串扰对于深入了解健康和疾病状态下细胞迁移至关重要。
