School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 30;14(1):2538. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-53113-0.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of tactical formations on the physical and technical performance of professional football players in the Chinese Super League (CSL). A sample of 800 games from the 2015-2021 CSL was analyzed, and players' physical (total distance covered, distance covered while ball in play, number of sprints, sprint distance, and high/middle/low-speed running) and technical (gain/loss of possession, ball retention percentage, challenges, challenge success percentage, passes, and pass success percentage) performance was assessed across six team formations: 3-5-2 (n = 137), 4-3-3 (n = 77), 4-2-3-1 (n = 391), 4-4-2 (n = 257), 3-4-3 (n = 41), and 4-1-4-1 (n = 107). Linear mixed models were used to assess variations in performance indicators across positions and formations. The results demonstrated that central defenders traveled significantly more total and low-speed running distances in the 3-5-2 formation than in the 4-2-3-1 formation (ES range: 0.33-0.34, p < 0.01). Fullbacks in the 3-5-2 formation demonstrated more high-speed running than did those in the 4-4-2 formation (ES = 0.27, p = 0.04). The central midfielders exhibited significantly more sprints and longer sprint distances in the 4-2-3-1 formation than in the 4-4-2 formation (ES range: 0.2-0.24, p < 0.01). Regarding technical performance, central defenders displayed significantly greater ball retention percentages, passes, and pass success rates in the 3-4-3 than in the 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.58-0.65, p < 0.01). Moreover, fullbacks and central midfielders executed markedly more passes with superior pass success rates in 4-back formations than in 3-5-2 formations (ES range: 0.2-0.53, p < 0.01). These findings can help coaches and academic staff understand the physical and technical requirements of various positions in various tactical formations, thus optimizing the training process.
本研究旨在探讨战术阵型对中超联赛（CSL）职业足球运动员身体和技术表现的影响。对 2015-2021 年 CSL 的 800 场比赛进行了分析，评估了球员的身体（总跑动距离、有球跑动距离、冲刺次数、冲刺距离、高/中/低速度跑动）和技术（控球/失球、控球率、抢断、抢断成功率、传球、传球成功率）表现，涉及到六种球队阵型：3-5-2（n = 137）、4-3-3（n = 77）、4-2-3-1（n = 391）、4-4-2（n = 257）、3-4-3（n = 41）和 4-1-4-1（n = 107）。线性混合模型用于评估不同位置和阵型下表现指标的变化。结果表明，中后卫在 3-5-2 阵型中的总跑动距离和低速跑动距离明显高于 4-2-3-1 阵型（ES 范围：0.33-0.34，p < 0.01）。3-5-2 阵型中的边后卫比 4-4-2 阵型中的边后卫有更多的高速跑动（ES = 0.27，p = 0.04）。中前卫在 4-2-3-1 阵型中的冲刺次数和冲刺距离明显大于 4-4-2 阵型（ES 范围：0.2-0.24，p < 0.01）。在技术表现方面，中后卫在 3-4-3 阵型中的控球率、传球和传球成功率明显高于 3-5-2 阵型（ES 范围：0.58-0.65，p < 0.01）。此外，边后卫和中前卫在 4 后卫阵型中的传球次数明显多于 3-5-2 阵型，传球成功率也更高（ES 范围：0.2-0.53，p < 0.01）。这些发现可以帮助教练和学术人员了解不同战术阵型中不同位置的身体和技术要求，从而优化训练过程。
