Riboli Andrea, Semeria Marco, Coratella Giuseppe, Esposito Fabio
Atalanta B.C., Performance Department, Bergamo, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
Biol Sport. 2021 Jun;38(2):195-205. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2020.98450. Epub 2020 Sep 1.
This study examined the most demanding passages of match play (MDP) and the effects of playing formation, ball-in-play (BiP) time and ball possession on the 1-min peak (1-min) demand in elite soccer. During 18 official matches, 305 individual samples from 223 Italian Serie A soccer players were collected. MDP and 1-min were calculated across playing position (central defenders, wide defenders, central midfielders, wide midfielders, wide forwards and forwards). Maximum relative (m·min) total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), very high-speed running (VHSR), sprint (SPR), acceleration/deceleration (Acc/Dec), estimated metabolic power (P) and high-metabolic load (HML) distance were calculated across different durations (1-5, 10, 90 min) using a rolling method. Additionally, 1-min demand was compared across playing formation (3-4-1-2, 3-4-2-1, 3-5-2, 4-3-3, 4-4-2), BiP and ball/no-ball possession cycles. MDP showed large to verylarge [effect-size (ES): 1.20/4.06] differences between 1-min vs all durations for each parameter. In 1-min, central midfielders and wide midfielders achieved greater TD and HSR (ES:0.43/1.13) while wide midfielders and wide forwards showed greater SPR and Acc/Dec (ES:0.30/1.15) than other positions. For VHSR, SPR and Acc/Dec 1-min showed fourfold higher locomotor requirements than 90-min. 1-min for Acc/Dec was highest in 4-3-3 for forwards, central and wide midfielders. 1-min was lower during peak BiP (BiP) for HSR, VHSR and Acc/Dec (ES: -2.57/-1.42). Comparing with vs without ball possession, BiP was greater (ES: 0.06/1.48) in forwards and wide forwards and lower (ES: -2.12/-0.07) in central defenders and wide defenders. Positional differences in MDP, 1-min and BiP were observed. Soccer-specific drills should account for positional differences when conditioning players for the peak demands. This may help practitioners to bridge the training/match gap.
本研究调查了精英足球比赛中最具挑战性的对抗阶段（MDP），以及比赛阵型、比赛中球的状态（BiP）和控球情况对1分钟峰值（1分钟）需求的影响。在18场正式比赛中，收集了来自223名意大利甲级联赛足球运动员的305个个体样本。计算了不同场上位置（中后卫、边后卫、中场球员、边锋、边前卫和前锋）的MDP和1分钟需求。使用滚动方法计算了不同时间段（1 - 5分钟、10分钟、90分钟）内的最大相对（米·分钟）总距离（TD）、高速奔跑（HSR）、极高速奔跑（VHSR）、冲刺（SPR）、加速/减速（Acc/Dec）、估计代谢功率（P）和高代谢负荷（HML）距离。此外，还比较了不同比赛阵型（3 - 4 - 1 - 2、3 - 4 - 2 - 1、3 - 5 - 2、4 - 3 - 3、4 - 4 - 2）、BiP以及控球/无球周期下的1分钟需求。每个参数在1分钟与所有其他时间段之间，MDP显示出大到非常大的效应量差异（ES：1.20 / 4.06）。在1分钟内，中场球员和边前卫的TD和HSR更高（ES：0.43 / 1.13），而边前卫和边锋的SPR和Acc/Dec比其他位置更大（ES：0.30 / 1.15）。对于VHSR、SPR和Acc/Dec，1分钟的运动需求比90分钟高四倍。前锋、中场球员和边前卫在4 - 3 - 比赛阵型中的1分钟Acc/Dec最高。在BiP高峰期，HSR、VHSR和Acc/Dec的1分钟需求较低（ES： - 2.57 / - 1.42）。与有球和无球情况相比，前锋和边锋的BiP更大（ES：0.06 / 1.48），而中后卫和边后卫的BiP较小（ES： - 2.12 / - 0.07）。观察到MDP、1分钟需求和BiP的位置差异。在为球员进行峰值需求的体能训练时，特定于足球的训练应考虑到位置差异。这可能有助于从业者缩小训练/比赛之间的差距。
