Rahmani Zeinab, Karimi Merat, Saffari Iman, Mirzaei Hamed, Nejati Majid, Sharafati Chaleshtori Reza
Department of Laser and Photonics, Faculty of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Front Chem. 2024 Jan 16;12:1266573. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1266573. eCollection 2024.
Nanoemulsion and nanoencapsulation are attractive novel methods that can be used for incorporating active plant extracts in food preparations and pharmaceutical formulations. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the anticancer and antibacterial effects of hydroethanolic extracts of Nettle (NE), Wormwood (WE), and the combination of the two plants (CNWE), as well as their nanoemulsion forms (NN, NW, CNNW) and nanoencapsulation forms (CN, CW, and CCNW). The morphology and structure of the nanoemulsion and nanoencapsulation preparations were assessed utilizing dynamic light scattering (DLS) along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulations were assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), zone of inhibition diameter, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), along with biofilm growth inhibition against Salmonaella typhimurium and Klebsiella. pneumoniae. The anticancer activity was evaluated via a MTT assay in the colon cancer cell line (HCT116). The nanoemulsion and nanoencapsulation particle size varied between 10 and 50 nm and 60 and 110 nm, respectively. The MIC values were between 11.25 and 95 µg/mL along with MBC values between 11.25 and 190 µg/mL. The highest inhibition of biofilm formation was observed with CCNW against K. pneumoniae (∼78.5%) and S. typhimurium (∼73%). In descending order, the inhibition of biofilm formation was CCNW > CW > CN > CNNW > NN > NW > CNWE > NE > WE against the tested bacteria. The IC50 values for NE, WE, CNWE, NN, NW, CNNW, CN, CW, and CCNW were determined as 250, 170, 560, 380, 312, 370, 250, 420, and 700 µg/mL, respectively. Exposure to a high concentration of NW resulted in a significantly lower HCT116 viability compared to other groups. Taken together, CNNW, and CCNW showed the highest antibacterial and anticancer activitiy. Nanoemulsion and nanoencapsulation were effective ways to increase the antibacterial and anticancer activity of the extracts and could be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
纳米乳剂和纳米包封是很有吸引力的新方法，可用于将活性植物提取物掺入食品制剂和药物配方中。在本研究中，我们旨在研究荨麻（NE）、艾草（WE）的水乙醇提取物以及这两种植物的组合（CNWE），以及它们的纳米乳剂形式（NN、NW、CNNW）和纳米包封形式（CN、CW、CCNW）的抗癌和抗菌作用。利用动态光散射（DLS）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）评估纳米乳剂和纳米包封制剂的形态和结构。通过测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）、抑菌圈直径、最低杀菌浓度（MBC）以及对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和肺炎克雷伯菌生物膜生长的抑制作用，评估所制备制剂的抗菌活性。通过MTT法在结肠癌细胞系（HCT116）中评估抗癌活性。纳米乳剂和纳米包封的粒径分别在10至50纳米和60至110纳米之间。MIC值在11.25至95微克/毫升之间，MBC值在11.25至190微克/毫升之间。观察到CCNW对肺炎克雷伯菌（约78.5%）和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌（约73%）的生物膜形成抑制作用最强。对于受试细菌，生物膜形成抑制作用从高到低依次为CCNW＞CW＞CN＞CNNW＞NN＞NW＞CNWE＞NE＞WE。NE、WE、CNWE、NN、NW、CNNW、CN、CW和CCNW的IC50值分别测定为250、170、560、380、312、370、250、420和700微克/毫升。与其他组相比，暴露于高浓度的NW会导致HCT116活力显著降低。综上所述，CNNW和CCNW表现出最高的抗菌和抗癌活性。纳米乳剂和纳米包封是提高提取物抗菌和抗癌活性的有效方法，可用于食品和制药行业。
