Hou Yongqing, Qiu Guiping, Xia Haishuo, He Tianbao, Liu Xiaoxian, Chen Antao
Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Mental Health Center of Guangyuan, Sichuan, China.
Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2024 Jan-Mar;24(1):100437. doi: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100437. Epub 2024 Jan 11.
Schizophrenia often occurs in youth, and psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) occurs before the onset of psychosis. Assessing the neuropsychological abnormalities of PRS individuals can help in early identification and active intervention of mental illness. Auditory P300 amplitude defect is an important manifestation of attention processing abnormality in PRS, but it is still unclear whether there are abnormalities in the attention processing of rhythmic compound tone stimuli in PRS individuals, and whether the P300 amplitude induced by these stimuli is specific to PRS individuals and related to their clinical outcomes.
In total, 226 participants, including 122 patients with PRS, 51 patients with emotional disorders (ED), and 53 healthy controls (HC) were assessed. Baseline electroencephalography was recorded during the compound tone oddball task. The event-related potentials (ERPs) induced by rhythmic compound tone stimuli of two frequencies (20-Hz, 40-Hz) were measured. Almost all patients with PRS were followed up for 12 months and reclassified into four groups: PRS-conversion, PRS-symptomatic, PRS-emotional disorder, and PRS-complete remission. The differences in baseline ERPs were compared among the clinical outcome groups.
Regardless of the stimulation frequency, the average P300 amplitude were significantly higher in patients with PRS than in those with ED ( = 0.003, = 0.48) and in HC ( = 0.002, = 0.44) group. The average P300 amplitude of PRS-conversion group was significantly higher than that of the PRS-complete remission ( = 0.016, = 0.72) and HC group ( = 0.001, = 0.76), and the average P300 amplitude of PRS-symptomatic group was significantly higher than that of the HC group ( = 0.006, = 0.48). Regardless of the groups (PRS, ED, HC) or the PRS clinical outcome groups, the average P300 amplitude induced by 20-Hz tone stimulation was significantly higher than that induced by 40-Hz stimulation (s < 0.001, Ƞ = 0.074-0.082). The average reaction times of PRS was significantly faster than that of ED ( = 0.01, = 0.38), and the average reaction times of the participants to 20-Hz target stimulation was significantly faster than that to 40-Hz target stimulation ( < 0.001, = 0.21).
The auditory P300 amplitude induced by rhythmic compound tone stimuli is a specific electrophysiological manifestation of PRS, and the auditory P300 amplitude induced by compound tone stimuli shows promise as a putative prognostic biomarker for PRS clinical outcomes, including conversion to psychosis and clinical complete remission.
精神分裂症常发生于青少年时期，精神病风险综合征（PRS）出现在精神病发作之前。评估PRS个体的神经心理异常有助于早期识别和积极干预精神疾病。听觉P300波幅缺陷是PRS中注意力加工异常的重要表现，但目前尚不清楚PRS个体在节律性复合音刺激的注意力加工方面是否存在异常，以及这些刺激诱发的P300波幅是否为PRS个体所特有并与其临床结局相关。
共评估了226名参与者，其中包括122名PRS患者、51名情绪障碍（ED）患者和53名健康对照（HC）。在复合音oddball任务期间记录基线脑电图。测量了两种频率（20赫兹、40赫兹）的节律性复合音刺激诱发的事件相关电位（ERP）。几乎所有PRS患者均随访12个月，并重新分为四组：PRS-转化组、PRS-有症状组、PRS-情绪障碍组和PRS-完全缓解组。比较了各临床结局组之间基线ERP的差异。
无论刺激频率如何，PRS患者的平均P300波幅均显著高于ED组（P = 0.003，η² = 0.48）和HC组（P = 0.002，η² = 0.44）。PRS-转化组的平均P300波幅显著高于PRS-完全缓解组（P = 0.016，η² = 0.72）和HC组（P = 0.001，η² = 0.76），PRS-有症状组的平均P300波幅显著高于HC组（P = 0.006，η² = 0.48）。无论组别（PRS、ED、HC）或PRS临床结局组如何，20赫兹音调刺激诱发的平均P300波幅均显著高于40赫兹刺激诱发的平均P300波幅（P < 0.001，η² = 0.074 - 0.082）。PRS患者的平均反应时间显著快于ED患者（P = 0.01，η² = 0.38），参与者对20赫兹目标刺激的平均反应时间显著快于对40赫兹目标刺激的平均反应时间（P < 0.001，η² = 0.21）。
节律性复合音刺激诱发的听觉P300波幅是PRS的一种特异性电生理表现，复合音刺激诱发的听觉P300波幅有望作为PRS临床结局（包括转化为精神病和临床完全缓解）的一种潜在预后生物标志物。
