Terranova Ap Claudio, Pozzebon Francesco, Cinquetti Alessandro, Perilli Matteo, Palumbi Stefano, Favretto Ap Donata, Viel Ap Guido, Aprile Ap Anna
Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via G. Falloppio n.50, Padova, 35121, Italy.
Heliyon. 2024 Jan 7;10(2):e24083. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24083. eCollection 2024 Jan 30.
Attention disorder and substance use disorder are linked to driving impairment and increased road crash involvement. This study explores attention deficits in a population of drivers found driving under the influence (DUI) of psychoactive substances.
A case-control study was conducted comparing subjects with a previous DUI episode (cases) to subjects who were negative for DUI offenses (controls). Personal, socio-demographic, and DUI data were collected for both groups. All subjects were administered the Continuous Performance Test-third edition (CPT-3), which measures dimensions of attention, including inattentiveness, impulsivity, sustained attention, and vigilance. Possible associations with a previous DUI episode, the use of illicit substances or excessive alcohol use, and road crash involvement were analyzed statistically.
Overall, the study included 147 subjects (100 cases, 47 controls). The parameter distributions of detectability, probability of ADHD, and inattentiveness indicated statistical differences between the two groups. No attention deficits predicted substance use disorder or excessive alcohol consumption. Inattentiveness was an independent risk factor for previous road collision involvement.
The results suggest that alterations exist in some attention dimensions in a population of DUI subjects who were users of alcohol or other psychoactive substances and involved in road traffic crashes. The CPT-3 had successfully distinguished between the two study groups, and after validation, it could be useful in the process of reinstating a driver's license. Future research should expand the study sample to better understand the relevance of the proposed methodological approach in terms of prevention, rehabilitation, and the monitoring of subjects evaluated for driving eligibility requirements.
注意力障碍与物质使用障碍与驾驶能力受损及道路交通事故参与度增加有关。本研究探讨在精神活性物质影响下驾车被发现的驾驶员群体中的注意力缺陷。
进行了一项病例对照研究，将有过酒后驾车事件的受试者（病例组）与酒后驾车犯罪检测呈阴性的受试者（对照组）进行比较。收集了两组的个人、社会人口统计学和酒后驾车数据。所有受试者均接受了连续操作测验第三版（CPT-3），该测验测量注意力的多个维度，包括注意力不集中、冲动性、持续注意力和警觉性。对与既往酒后驾车事件、非法物质使用或过度饮酒以及道路交通事故参与度之间的可能关联进行了统计分析。
总体而言，该研究纳入了147名受试者（100例病例，47例对照）。检测性、注意缺陷多动障碍概率和注意力不集中的参数分布表明两组之间存在统计学差异。没有注意力缺陷可预测物质使用障碍或过度饮酒。注意力不集中是既往道路碰撞事故参与度的独立危险因素。
结果表明，在使用酒精或其他精神活性物质且卷入道路交通事故的酒后驾车受试者群体中，某些注意力维度存在改变。CPT-3成功区分了两个研究组，经过验证后，它可能在恢复驾驶员执照的过程中有用。未来的研究应扩大研究样本，以更好地理解所提出的方法学方法在预防、康复以及对评估驾驶资格要求的受试者进行监测方面的相关性。
