挪威农村地区涉及撞车事故后因酒驾被捕与饮酒和吸毒的关联：一项病例对照研究。
Association between alcohol and drug use and arrest for driving under the influence after crash involvement in a rural area of Norway: a case-control study.
机构信息
Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nursing Science, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2019 Jan 3;9(1):e023563. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023563.
OBJECTIVES
The rate of deaths caused by road traffic crashes is particularly high in rural areas. It has been hypothesised that one factor that may contribute is differences in patterns of alcohol use. The aim was to compare the prevalence of psychoactive substances among crash-involved drivers arrested for suspicion of driving under the influence (DUI) who are tested for alcohol and drugs and recent random drivers in a rural area. Furthermore, we investigated the association between traffic crashes and driving after using alcohol, illicit or medicinal drugs either alone or in combination.
METHODS
A case-control study was carried out in which the case group consisted of crash-involved drivers arrested for suspicion of DUI from 2000 to 2015. This group was compared with a control group of randomly selected drivers recruited to a roadside survey in normal traffic from 2014 to 2015. The case group consisted of 612 individuals (542 men and 70 women) and the control group of 3027 individuals (2099 men and 927 women). Drug and alcohol screening was performed on blood samples from the cases and samples of oral fluid from the controls.
RESULTS
The proportion of psychoactive substances was 81.7% among cases and 1.6% among the controls. The prevalence of combinations of psychoactive substances was 18% among the cases and 0.3% among the controls. The multivariate regression model analysis identified significant drug interactions.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of alcohol and drugs was high among the crash-involved drivers arrested for suspicion of DUI by the police. In contrast to earlier published research combinations of different psychoactive substances did not increase the OR for traffic crash involvement more than the single drug with highest OR. The statistical methodology presented in this study should be allied in future studies with greater statistical power to confirm these findings.
目的
农村地区的道路交通事故死亡率特别高。有人假设，造成这种差异的一个因素可能是酒精使用模式的不同。本研究旨在比较因涉嫌酒后驾车（DUI）被捕并接受酒精和毒品检测的事故涉及司机与农村地区随机司机之间的精神活性物质的流行率。此外，我们还研究了在单独或联合使用酒精、非法或药物后驾驶与交通事故之间的关联。
方法
这是一项病例对照研究，病例组由 2000 年至 2015 年因涉嫌 DUI 被捕的事故涉及司机组成。该组与 2014 年至 2015 年在正常交通中随机招募的路边调查的对照组进行了比较。病例组由 612 人（542 名男性和 70 名女性）和对照组 3027 人（2099 名男性和 927 名女性）组成。对来自病例的血液样本和来自对照的口腔液样本进行了毒品和酒精筛查。
结果
病例组中精神活性物质的比例为 81.7%，对照组为 1.6%。病例组中精神活性物质联合使用的比例为 18%，对照组为 0.3%。多变量回归模型分析确定了药物相互作用的显著影响。
结论
因涉嫌 DUI 被捕的事故涉及司机中酒精和药物的流行率很高。与之前发表的研究不同，不同精神活性物质的组合并没有比单个药物（OR 值最高）更能增加与交通事故的关联。本研究中提出的统计方法应该与未来具有更大统计能力的研究联合使用，以证实这些发现。
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