Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Marine Toxicology, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 25;918:170496. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170496. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Most of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum are alkylated (alkyl PAHs), still the metabolism of these alkyl PAHs to the expected acid products (polycyclic aromatic acids; PAAs) has yet to be demonstrated in oil-exposed fish. Should these compounds be discovered in fish as they have in ragworm, rodents, and humans, they could present an indicative biomarker for assessing oil pollution. In this study, the ability to biotransform alkyl PAHs to PAAs was examined on Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Exposure to phenanthrene, 1-methyphenanthrene or 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene was performed via intraperitoneal injection. An Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (IMS-Q-TOF MS) was used in exploratory analysis of extracted bile samples. Acquisition of four-dimensional information by coupling liquid chromatography with the IMS-Q-TOF MS and in-silico prediction for feature prioritization in the data processing workflow allowed several tentative identifications with high degree of confidence. This work presents the first detection of PAAs in fish and suggests the importance of investigating alkyl PAHs in ecotoxicological studies of oil-polluted fish environments.
石油中的大多数多环芳烃（PAHs）都被烷基化（烷基 PAHs），但这些烷基 PAHs 代谢为预期的酸产物（多环芳香酸；PAAs）在暴露于石油的鱼类中尚未得到证实。如果这些化合物像在沙蚕、啮齿动物和人类中那样在鱼类中被发现，它们可能成为评估石油污染的指示性生物标志物。在这项研究中，通过腹腔注射研究了大西洋黑线鳕（Melanogrammus aeglefinus）将烷基 PAHs 生物转化为 PAAs 的能力。用菲、1-甲基菲或 1,4-二甲基菲进行暴露。使用离子淌度四极杆飞行时间质谱仪（IMS-Q-TOF MS）对提取的胆汁样本进行探索性分析。通过将液相色谱与 IMS-Q-TOF MS 耦合以及在数据处理工作流程中进行特征优先级的计算预测来获取四维信息，允许进行几次具有高度置信度的暂定鉴定。这项工作首次在鱼类中检测到 PAAs，并表明在受石油污染的鱼类环境的生态毒理学研究中研究烷基 PAHs 的重要性。
