Nugroho Agus Dwi, Ma'ruf Muhammad Imam, Nasir Muh Amat, Fekete-Farkas Maria, Lakner Zoltan
Doctoral School of Economic and Regional Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Godollo, 2100, Hungary.
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jan 14;10(2):e24635. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24635. eCollection 2024 Jan 30.
Following global trade agreements, Asian countries have been highly aggressive in implementing free trade. These conditions will impact all sectors, including agriculture. This study aims to examine the impact of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), World Trade Organization membership (WTO), and the Doha Round implementations on agricultural producer prices in Asian countries (PPI). The study was conducted using secondary data from 1991 to 2020. The data for 28 Asian countries were analyzed using the first difference General Method of Moments (GMM). The results show that implementing the GATT raises the PPI, but implementing the WTO has the reverse impact. PPI is unaffected by the Doha Round. Inflation, exchange rate, value-added, human capital, and land area equipped for irrigation are all positive contributors to PPI. Several recommendations are made to increase PPI in Asian countries: increasing commitment to agricultural fair trade, increasing agricultural value-added, improving educational opportunities for agricultural business players, and prioritizing agricultural infrastructure investment.
根据全球贸易协定，亚洲国家在实施自由贸易方面一直高度积极。这些情况将影响包括农业在内的所有部门。本研究旨在考察《关税及贸易总协定》（GATT）、世界贸易组织成员身份（WTO）以及多哈回合的实施对亚洲国家农产品生产者价格（PPI）的影响。该研究使用了1991年至2020年的二手数据。对28个亚洲国家的数据采用一阶差分广义矩估计法（GMM）进行分析。结果表明，实施GATT会提高PPI，但加入WTO则会产生相反的影响。PPI不受多哈回合的影响。通货膨胀、汇率、增加值、人力资本和灌溉土地面积都是PPI的积极贡献因素。为提高亚洲国家的PPI提出了若干建议：加强对农产品公平贸易的承诺、增加农业附加值、改善农业企业参与者的教育机会以及优先进行农业基础设施投资。
