Rushovich Tamara, Nethery Rachel C, White Ariel, Krieger Nancy
Tamara Rushovich and Nancy Krieger are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences and Rachel C. Nethery is with the Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Ariel White is with the Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
Am J Public Health. 2024 Mar;114(3):300-308. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2023.307518. Epub 2024 Feb 1.
To investigate the impact of the US Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 on Black and Black versus White infant deaths in Jim Crow states. Using data from 1959 to 1980 and 2017 to 2021, we applied difference-in-differences methods to quantify differential pre-post VRA changes in infant deaths in VRA-exposed versus unexposed counties, controlling for population size and social, economic, and health system characteristics. VRA-exposed counties, identified by Section 4, were subject to government interventions to remove existing racist voter suppression policies. Black infant deaths in VRA-exposed counties decreased by an average of 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 21.0) additional deaths beyond the decrease experienced by unexposed counties between the pre-VRA period (1959-1965) and the post-VRA period (1966-1970). This translates to 6703 (95% CI = 999.6, 12 348) or 17.5% (95% CI = 3.1%, 28.1%) fewer deaths than would have been experienced in the absence of the VRA. The equivalent differential changes were not significant among the White or total population. Passage of the VRA led to pronounced reductions in Black infant deaths in Southern counties subject to government intervention because these counties had particularly egregious voter suppression practices. ( 2024;114(3):300-308. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307518).
调查1965年美国《选举权法案》（VRA）对实行种族隔离制度诸州黑人及黑人与白人之间婴儿死亡情况的影响。利用1959年至1980年以及2017年至2021年的数据，我们采用了差分法来量化在受VRA影响的县与未受影响的县中，VRA实施前后婴儿死亡情况的差异变化，并对人口规模以及社会、经济和卫生系统特征进行了控制。根据第4条确定的受VRA影响的县，受到了政府干预，以消除现有的种族主义选民压制政策。在VRA实施前时期（1959 - 1965年）和VRA实施后时期（1966 - 1970年），受VRA影响的县中黑人婴儿死亡人数比未受影响的县平均额外减少了11.4例（95%置信区间[CI]=1.7，21.0）。这意味着与没有VRA的情况相比，死亡人数减少了6703例（95%CI = 999.6，12348），即减少了17.5%（95%CI = 3.1%，28.1%）。在白人或总人口中，同等的差异变化并不显著。VRA的通过导致受政府干预的南部各县黑人婴儿死亡人数显著减少，因为这些县存在特别恶劣的选民压制做法。（2024;114(3):300 - 308. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307518）
