Grari O, Elmoujtahide D, Sebbar E, Choukri M
: Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed I University, Oujda, Morocco.
: Department of Biochemistry, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda, Morocco.
EJIFCC. 2023 Dec 21;34(4):276-283. eCollection 2023 Dec.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia. Pathologically, the disease is marked by neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which are aberrant accumulations of the tau protein that develop inside neurons, and extracellular plaque deposits of the amyloid β peptide (Aβ). These pathological lesions are present in the brain before the beginning of clinical manifestations. However, despite advancements in the comprehension of AD pathophysiology, timely and accurate clinical diagnosis remains challenging. Therefore, developing biomarkers capable of detecting AD during the preclinical phase holds enormous promise for precise diagnosis since detecting the disease early is crucial because it enables interventions when treatments may be more effective. This article intends to provide a comprehensive review of AD biomarkers, discussing their significance, classification, and recent developments in the field.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆类型。在病理上，该疾病的特征是神经原纤维缠结（NFT），即神经元内异常积聚的tau蛋白，以及淀粉样β肽（Aβ）的细胞外斑块沉积。这些病理病变在临床表现开始之前就已存在于大脑中。然而，尽管在理解AD病理生理学方面取得了进展，但及时准确的临床诊断仍然具有挑战性。因此，开发能够在临床前期检测AD的生物标志物对于精确诊断具有巨大的前景，因为早期检测该疾病至关重要，因为它能够在治疗可能更有效的时候进行干预。本文旨在对AD生物标志物进行全面综述，讨论它们的意义、分类以及该领域的最新进展。
