Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
J Sports Sci. 2023 Nov;41(21):1896-1905. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2307757. Epub 2024 Feb 2.
Prior research has examined the relationships between morality, attitudes, and intentions related to doping predominantly via correlational studies based on the theoretical frameworks provided by extensions to the theory of planned behaviour, and the social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In contrast, the present study experimentally analysed a psychological process (i.e., self-validation) through which thought morality can influence attitudes and intentions. Two hundred and forty-two participants (122 males and 120 females) were randomly assigned to read a message either against or in favour of legalising several doping behaviours in sports, then listed their thoughts regarding that proposal. Next, they were randomly assigned to perceive their thoughts as either moral or immoral, then indicated the extent to which they considered their thoughts as valid. Finally, participants reported their attitudes and intentions regarding the legalisation proposal. As hypothesised, the anti-legalisation (vs. pro-legalisation) message produced more unfavourable thoughts and attitudes, as well as lower intentions to support the legalisation proposal and engage in banned behaviours if legalised in sport. Most importantly, the effects of message direction on attitudes and intentions were greater for participants in the moral (vs. immoral) thought condition. Furthermore, changes in attitudes were consistent with a self-validation process.
先前的研究主要通过基于计划行为理论扩展和道德思想与行动的社会认知理论的理论框架的相关性研究，考察了与兴奋剂相关的道德、态度和意图之间的关系。相比之下，本研究通过实验分析了一种心理过程（即自我验证），通过这种过程，思想道德可以影响态度和意图。242 名参与者（122 名男性和 120 名女性）被随机分配阅读一篇反对或赞成在体育运动中使几种兴奋剂行为合法化的信息，然后列出他们对该提议的想法。接下来，他们被随机分配将自己的想法视为道德或不道德，然后表明他们认为自己的想法有多合理。最后，参与者报告了他们对合法化提议的态度和意图。正如假设的那样，反合法化（而非合法化）信息产生了更多不利的想法和态度，以及对支持合法化提议和在运动中合法化时从事被禁止行为的意图较低。最重要的是，对于处于道德（而非不道德）思维状态的参与者，信息方向对态度和意图的影响更大。此外，态度的变化与自我验证过程一致。
