Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; UNISANTA (Universidade Santa Cecília), Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Bioquímica de Organismos Aquáticos, Rua Oswaldo Cruz 277 (Boqueirão), 11045-907, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Brazilian National Institute for Research in the Amazon, Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Molecular Evolution, Av. André Araújo 2936, 69083-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Environ Res. 2024 Jun 1;250:118347. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118347. Epub 2024 Feb 2.
The accidental spill of petroleum asphalt cement (PAC) in São Raimundo (SR Harbor, located on the Rio Negro (Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil) was monitored through the analysis of polyciclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water and a set of biomarkers in fishes (exposure biomarkes: PAHs-type metabolites concentrations in bile; the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver. Effect biomarkers: lipid peroxidation concentration (LPO) in liver, acetylcholinesterase activity in brain, and genotoxic DNA damage in erythrocytes). Two fish species, Acarichthys heckelii and Satanoperca jurupari, were collected 10, 45, and 90 days after the PAC spill in São Raimundo. At the same time, fish were collected from the Tupé Sustainable Development Reserve (Tupé) which served as a reference area. The sampling periods were related to the rising waters of the natural flood pulse of the Rio Negro. Higher concentrations of PAHs in water were observed at 10 and 45 days and returned to the values of TP 90 days after the PAC spill, a period in which harbor waters rose about 0.2 m. Unlike the PAHs in water, biomarker responses in both fish species significantly increased following the PAC spill in SR. Hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), PAH-like metabolites in bile, and erythrocyte DNA damage increases, together with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain were the most evident responses for both fish species. The calculated pyrolytic index showed mixed sources of PAHs (petrogenic and pyrolytic). The applied PCA-FA indicated important relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and PAHs concentrations in water, where DOC and PAHs concentrations contributed to biomarkers responses for both fish species in all collection periods.
圣雷蒙多（位于亚马逊州马瑙斯的内格罗河上的 SR 港）发生的石油沥青水泥（PAC）意外泄漏事件通过分析水中的多环芳烃（PAHs）和鱼类中的一组生物标志物进行了监测（暴露生物标志物：胆汁中 PAHs 型代谢物浓度；肝中乙氧基Resorufin-O-去乙基酶（EROD）、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）的活性。效应生物标志物：肝中脂质过氧化浓度（LPO）、脑乙酰胆碱酯酶活性和红细胞 DNA 遗传毒性损伤）。在圣雷蒙多 PAC 泄漏后 10、45 和 90 天，收集了两种鱼类，Acarichthys heckelii 和 Satanoperca jurupari。同时，还从图佩可持续发展保护区（Tupé）采集了鱼类作为参考区域。采样期与内格罗河自然洪水脉冲水位的上升有关。在 PAC 泄漏后 10 和 45 天，水中的 PAHs 浓度较高，并在 PAC 泄漏后 90 天恢复到 TP 的值，这一时期港口水位上升了约 0.2 m。与水中的 PAHs 不同，SR 中 PAC 泄漏后两种鱼类的生物标志物反应均显著增加。肝乙氧基Resorufin-O-去乙基酶（EROD）、胆汁中 PAH 类似代谢物和红细胞 DNA 损伤增加，以及脑乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）活性抑制是两种鱼类最明显的反应。计算出的热解指数显示 PAHs 存在混合来源（生源和热解）。应用 PCA-FA 表明水中溶解有机碳（DOC）和 PAHs 浓度之间存在重要关系，在所有采集期，DOC 和 PAHs 浓度都导致了两种鱼类的生物标志物反应。
