Zhang Junfang, Tan Rong, Liu Yuxin, Albino Matteo, Zhang Weinan, Stevens Molly M, Loeffler Felix F
Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 3;15(1):1040. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45428-3.
Counterfeiting has become a serious global problem, causing worldwide losses and disrupting the normal order of society. Physical unclonable functions are promising hardware-based cryptographic primitives, especially those generated by chemical processes showing a massive challenge-response pair space. However, current chemical-based physical unclonable function devices typically require complex fabrication processes or sophisticated characterization methods with only binary (bit) keys, limiting their practical applications and security properties. Here, we report a flexible laser printing method to synthesize unclonable electronics with high randomness, uniqueness, and repeatability. Hexadecimal resistive keys and binary optical keys can be obtained by the challenge with an ohmmeter and an optical microscope. These readout methods not only make the identification process available to general end users without professional expertise, but also guarantee device complexity and data capacity. An adopted open-source deep learning model guarantees precise identification with high reliability. The electrodes and connection wires are directly printed during laser writing, which allows electronics with different structures to be realized through free design. Meanwhile, the electronics exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal stability. The high physical unclonable function performance and the widely accessible readout methods, together with the flexibility and stability, make this synthesis strategy extremely attractive for practical applications.
假冒已成为一个严重的全球问题，造成全球范围内的损失并扰乱社会正常秩序。物理不可克隆功能是很有前景的基于硬件的加密原语，尤其是那些通过化学过程生成的，具有大量挑战-响应对空间。然而，当前基于化学的物理不可克隆功能器件通常需要复杂的制造工艺或仅使用二进制（位）密钥的复杂表征方法，限制了它们的实际应用和安全特性。在此，我们报告一种灵活的激光打印方法，用于合成具有高随机性、独特性和可重复性的不可克隆电子器件。通过用欧姆表和光学显微镜进行挑战，可以获得十六进制电阻密钥和二进制光学密钥。这些读出方法不仅使普通终端用户无需专业知识就能进行识别过程，而且保证了器件的复杂性和数据容量。采用的开源深度学习模型保证了高可靠性的精确识别。电极和连接线在激光写入过程中直接打印，这使得通过自由设计可以实现具有不同结构的电子器件。同时，这些电子器件表现出优异的机械和热稳定性。高物理不可克隆功能性能、广泛可用的读出方法以及灵活性和稳定性，使得这种合成策略在实际应用中极具吸引力。
