Chen Cheng, Chen Ting, Huang Mingzhao, Huang Yan, Zhang Luying, Li Pindong
School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2309731. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2309731. Epub 2024 Feb 5.
Despite the high effectiveness of HPV vaccines in preventing infection, vaccine hesitancy remains a concern, particularly in China. This study aimed to explore college students' attitudes toward HPV vaccination and identify associated factors. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaires in four cities from May to June 2022. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors. Additionally, an integrated structural equation model (SEM) based on the 3Cs (confidence, convenience, complacency) was developed to understand underlying factors contributing to hesitancy. The results from 2261 valid questionnaires were enlightening. A significant 89.47% (59.4% for females) considered HPV vaccination necessary, with 9.82% remaining neutral and only 0.71% deeming it unnecessary. Factors like higher education, being a medical student, residing in urban areas, having medical insurance, more extraordinary living expenses, a family history of tumors, and a solid understanding of HPV played a role in perceiving the vaccine as necessary. Among the 1438 female respondents, 84.36% had no hesitancy toward HPV vaccination, 13.53% expressed hesitancy, and 2.11% refused vaccination. Factors like age, understanding of HPV, medical staff recommendations, living expenses, and family history influenced hesitancy levels. SEM revealed that the 3Cs significantly affected vaccine hesitancy. Factors like price, booking process, vaccination times, trust in vaccines, medical staff recommendations, efficiency, and risk perception collectively influenced hesitancy. In conclusion, this study found high acceptance of HPV vaccination but acknowledged the complexity of hesitancy factors. It recommends medical staff disseminate scientific knowledge, offer recommendations, simplify booking procedures, and expand vaccination sites to address vaccine hesitancy effectively.
尽管人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗在预防感染方面具有很高的有效性，但疫苗犹豫仍然是一个令人担忧的问题，在中国尤其如此。本研究旨在探讨大学生对HPV疫苗接种的态度，并确定相关因素。2022年5月至6月，通过在四个城市使用自填问卷进行横断面调查收集数据。进行卡方检验和逻辑回归分析以确定相关因素。此外，还建立了一个基于3C（信心、便利性、自满）的综合结构方程模型（SEM），以了解导致犹豫的潜在因素。2261份有效问卷的结果很有启发性。高达89.47%（女性为59.4%）的人认为HPV疫苗接种是必要的，9.82%的人保持中立，只有0.71%的人认为没有必要。诸如高等教育、医学生身份、居住在城市地区、拥有医疗保险、生活费用较高、有肿瘤家族史以及对HPV有深入了解等因素，在认为疫苗有必要接种方面发挥了作用。在1438名女性受访者中，84.36%的人对HPV疫苗接种没有犹豫，13.53%的人表示犹豫，2.11%的人拒绝接种。年龄、对HPV的了解、医务人员的建议、生活费用和家族史等因素影响了犹豫程度。结构方程模型显示，3C因素显著影响疫苗犹豫。价格、预约流程、接种次数、对疫苗的信任、医务人员的建议、效率和风险认知等因素共同影响了犹豫程度。总之，本研究发现对HPV疫苗接种的接受度较高，但也认识到犹豫因素的复杂性。建议医务人员传播科学知识、提供建议、简化预约程序并扩大接种地点，以有效解决疫苗犹豫问题。
