Iqbal Muhammad, Raja Naveed Iqbal, Mashwani Zia-Ur-Rehman, Yasmeen Farhat, Hussain Mubashir, Ejaz Muhammad, Abasi Fozia, Ehsan Maria, Ikram Muhammad, Proćków Jarosław
Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Department of Botany, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan.
J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2024 Feb 6:1-15. doi: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2311333.
In the present investigation, the role of GS-AgNPs treatment in wheat plants was carried out in reducing heat stress with the aim of facilitating scientists on this topic. The effect of GS-AgNPs against heat stress has rarely been deliberated in wheat plants, and only a few studies have been established earlier in this scenario. This work illustrated the effect of GS-AgNPs on the regulation of carbohydrates metabolism, SOD, proteins, crude fibers, and minerals changes in wheat plants. Data were analysed using PCA analysis, correlation parameters, and normal probability distribution in PAST 3 software. The results indicated that heat stress alone caused severe changes in carbohydrates metabolism, SOD, proteins, crude fibers, and minerals immediately so that plants could not recover without foreign stabilizers such as GS-AgNPs. The application of GS-AgNPs increases the flux of carbohydrates metabolism, SOD, and proteins, including HSPs, crude fibers, and minerals, in wheat plants to reduce the effect of heat stress. The 50 mg/l concentration of GS-AgNPs has shown an increase in carbohydrates metabolism and SOD activity, while crude fibres have shown a significant enhancement at 100 mg/l of GS-AgNPs. The crude and true proteins were also shown pronounced increase in treatment to a concentration of 50 mg/l of GS-AgNPs. GS-AgNPs stimulated HSP production; most importantly, smHSP production was observed in the present results with other HSPs in wheat plants treated with a 50 mg/l concentration of GS-AgNPs. The mineral distribution was also regulated by the respective treatment of GS-AgNPs, and the highest amounts of Ca, P and Fe were found to be highest in wheat under heat stress. In general, we computed the expected model based on GS-AgNPs on the genes/factors that respond to heat stress and their potential role in mitigating heat stress in wheat. In addition, we discussed the prospective signalling pathway triggered by GS-AgNPs in wheat against heat stress. In the future, this work might be helpful in distinguishing the genetic variation due to GS-AgNPs in promoting tolerance in wheat against heat stress.
在本研究中，开展了GS-AgNPs处理对小麦植株的作用，以减轻热胁迫，旨在为该领域的科学家提供便利。GS-AgNPs对热胁迫的影响在小麦植株中很少被探讨，在此情况下之前仅有少数研究。这项工作阐述了GS-AgNPs对小麦植株碳水化合物代谢、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、蛋白质、粗纤维和矿物质变化的调节作用。使用PAST 3软件中的主成分分析（PCA分析）、相关参数和正态概率分布对数据进行了分析。结果表明，单独的热胁迫会立即导致碳水化合物代谢、SOD、蛋白质、粗纤维和矿物质发生严重变化，以至于没有诸如GS-AgNPs这样的外源稳定剂，植物无法恢复。GS-AgNPs的应用增加了小麦植株中碳水化合物代谢、SOD和蛋白质（包括热休克蛋白（HSPs））、粗纤维和矿物质的通量，以减轻热胁迫的影响。50 mg/l浓度的GS-AgNPs使碳水化合物代谢和SOD活性增加，而在100 mg/l的GS-AgNPs处理下粗纤维显著增加。在50 mg/l浓度的GS-AgNPs处理下，粗蛋白和真蛋白也显著增加。GS-AgNPs刺激了HSP的产生；最重要的是，在本研究结果中，观察到在50 mg/l浓度的GS-AgNPs处理的小麦植株中，小分子热休克蛋白（smHSP）与其他HSP一起产生。GS-AgNPs的相应处理也调节了矿物质分布，发现热胁迫下小麦中钙、磷和铁的含量最高。总体而言，我们基于GS-AgNPs计算了对热胁迫有响应的基因/因子的预期模型及其在减轻小麦热胁迫中的潜在作用。此外，我们讨论了GS-AgNPs在小麦中针对热胁迫触发的潜在信号通路。未来，这项工作可能有助于区分GS-AgNPs在促进小麦耐热胁迫方面的遗传变异。
