Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, USA.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, USA.
Addict Behav. 2024 May;152:107976. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107976. Epub 2024 Jan 28.
Rate of alcohol consumption, the speed with which people drink, has been linked to a range of outcomes, including alcohol use disorder symptoms and increased positive affect. However, minimal work has identified who is most likely to drink at elevated rates. Impulsivity is associated with increased attention to positive reinforcers specifically (e.g., positive affect). We therefore examined whether people higher in trait impulsivity engage in faster consumption during drinking episodes.
Participants were current drinkers (N = 113; 54 people with borderline personality disorder [BPD], a disorder that involves elevated impulsivity, and 59 community people) who completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol. Multilevel models of drinking episodes (N = 3,444) examined whether self-reported trait impulsivity, measured at baseline, was associated with faster rise in estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) at each follow-up period.
All UPPS sub-scales were associated with faster rise in eBAC across a drinking episode. In a multivariate model including all sub-scales as simultaneous predictors, sensation seeking and (lack of) perseverance were independently positively associated with rate of consumption. Additional analyses indicated that greater negative urgency and sensation seeking were associated with faster rises in eBAC in participants with BPD, relative to community comparisons.
In a sample that captured a wide spectrum of impulsivity, greater impulsivity was associated with drinking alcohol at a faster rate. People higher in sensation seeking and (lack of) perseverance may be prone to drink at faster rates out of a desire to maximize the hedonic effects of alcohol.
This study finds that people who are more impulsive tend to drink alcohol faster, putting them at greater risk for negative consequences. This may explain, in part, why impulsivity is linked to experiencing alcohol-related problems.
饮酒速度（即人们饮酒的速度）与一系列结果相关，包括酒精使用障碍症状和积极情绪增加。然而，很少有研究确定哪些人最有可能以较高的速度饮酒。冲动与对积极强化物（例如积极情绪）的更高注意力有关。因此，我们研究了具有特质冲动性的人在饮酒期间是否会更快地饮酒。
参与者为当前饮酒者（N=113；54 人患有边缘型人格障碍[BPD]，该障碍涉及更高的冲动性，以及 59 名社区人员），他们完成了 21 天的生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议。饮酒事件的多层次模型（N=3444）检查了基线时测量的特质冲动性是否与每个随访期间估计的血液酒精浓度（eBAC）的更快上升有关。
所有 UPPS 子量表均与整个饮酒事件中 eBAC 的更快上升相关。在包括所有子量表作为同时预测因子的多元模型中，感觉寻求和（缺乏）毅力与消耗率呈正相关。进一步的分析表明，在 BPD 参与者中，更大的负性冲动和感觉寻求与 eBAC 的更快上升有关，与社区比较相比。
在一个包含广泛冲动性谱的样本中，更高的冲动性与更快的饮酒速度相关。感觉寻求和（缺乏）毅力较高的人可能出于最大限度地提高酒精的愉悦效应的愿望而更快地饮酒。
这项研究发现，更冲动的人往往会更快地饮酒，从而使他们面临更大的负面后果风险。这部分可以解释为什么冲动性与体验与酒精相关的问题有关。
