Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Appetite. 2021 Apr 1;159:105052. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105052. Epub 2020 Dec 10.
Food addiction (FA) and alcohol misuse tend to co-occur, which suggests shared factors in the etiology and persistence of these health behaviors. One shared factor that has been linked to both is impulsivity, a multidimensional construct reflecting multiple facets of self-regulatory capacity. However, co-occurrence also raises issues of possible confounding if both domains are not considered concurrently, and the intersection between FA, alcohol misuse, and impulsivity has not been well characterized empirically. Therefore, the current study examined the intersection of FA, alcohol consequences, and multiple indicators of impulsivity. Participants were emerging adults reporting regular heavy episodic drinking recruited from Hamilton, Ontario (N = 730; ages 19.5-23). Participants completed measures of FA, alcohol problems, impulsive personality traits (i.e., Barratt Impulsiveness Scales, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales), impulsive choice (i.e., delay discounting), impulsive action (i.e., Go/NoGo task). Findings revealed a significant association between FA and alcohol-related consequences and both shared similar associations with specific impulsive personality traits (Positive and Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Motor and Attentional Impulsivity). However, alcohol-related consequences were uniquely associated with other impulsive personality traits (Lack of Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Non-planning impulsivity) and impulsive choice, and FA was uniquely associated with impulsive action. Beyond alcohol-related consequences, FA was associated with additional variance in measures of impulsive personality traits (Positive and Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Motor Impulsivity, and Attentional Impulsivity) and impulsive action, but not impulsive choice. Overall, the current study reveals several common self-regulatory processes associated with both adverse drinking consequences and FA, and that the risk of inadvertent confounding appears to be limited.
食物成瘾（FA）和酒精滥用往往同时发生，这表明这些健康行为的病因和持续存在有共同的因素。一个与两者都相关的共同因素是冲动性，这是一个反映自我调节能力多个方面的多维结构。然而，如果两个领域没有同时考虑，共现也会引起可能的混杂问题，并且 FA、酒精滥用和冲动性之间的交叉点尚未得到很好的实证描述。因此，本研究考察了 FA、酒精后果和多种冲动性指标的交叉点。参与者是来自安大略省汉密尔顿的报告有规律的重度间歇性饮酒的成年早期人群（N=730；年龄 19.5-23 岁）。参与者完成了 FA、酒精问题、冲动人格特质（即巴雷特冲动量表、UPPS-P 冲动行为量表）、冲动选择（即延迟折扣）、冲动行为（即 Go/NoGo 任务）的测量。研究结果表明，FA 与酒精相关后果之间存在显著关联，并且与特定的冲动人格特质（积极和消极冲动、缺乏预先计划、运动和注意力冲动）具有相似的关联。然而，酒精相关后果与其他冲动人格特质（缺乏坚持、寻求刺激、非计划冲动）和冲动选择具有独特的关联，而 FA 与冲动行为具有独特的关联。除了酒精相关后果外，FA 还与冲动人格特质（积极和消极冲动、缺乏预先计划、运动冲动和注意力冲动）和冲动行为的测量指标相关，而与冲动选择无关。总的来说，本研究揭示了与不良饮酒后果和 FA 相关的几个共同的自我调节过程，并且无意混杂的风险似乎是有限的。
